Phonological verbal fluency norms for Spanish-speaking middle-aged and older adults: Letters F, A, and S

• Rubio-Valdehita, Susana ^[1] ; López-Higes, Ramón ^[1] ; Montenegro-Peña, Mercedes ^[2] ; Delgado-Losada, María Luisa ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
  2. [2] Centro para la prevención del deterioro cognitivo. Madrid Salud. Ayuntamiento de Madrid
• Localización: Anales de psicología, ISSN-e 1695-2294, ISSN 0212-9728, Vol. 42, Nº. 1, 2026 (Ejemplar dedicado a: January - April (in progress); e07), pág. 1
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.6018/analesps.647811
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Normas de fluidez verbal fonológica para adultos de mediana edad y mayores hispanohablantes: Letras F, A y S
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Antecedentes: Las pruebas de fluidez verbal se utilizan con frecuencia en la evaluación neuropsicológica. Este estudio presenta datos normativos de fluidez verbal fonológica (FAS) para adultos de mediana edad y mayores de habla hispana, considerando factores sociodemográficos y medidas como el número total de palabras, errores y palabras evocadas en segmentos de 15 segundos. Método: Participaron 920 adultos cognitivamente intactos, de 50 a 89 años. Se utilizaron procedimientos estadísticos para convertir rangos percentiles en puntuaciones escalares, obteniendo una distribución normal. Se analizaron los efectos de la edad, educación y sexo mediante coeficientes de determinación, aplicando correcciones solo a variables sociodemográficas que explicaran más del 5%. Las puntuaciones ajustadas se calcularon con regresiones lineales. Resultados: Se presentan las puntuaciones escalares y percentiles para todas las medidas. Se incluyen tablas suplementarias para ajustes por nivel educativo, ya que no se encontraron diferencias relacionadas con la edad y el sexo. Conclusiones: Este estudio ofrece datos normativos actualizados para nativos hispanohablantes europeos, de 50 a 89 años, en pruebas FAS, considerando errores y producción de palabras en segmentos de 15 segundos. Los efectos de la educación coinciden con estudios previos.

  • English

    Background: Verbal fluency tests are easy and regularly used in neuropsychological assessment. This paper offers normative data of phonological verbal fluency tests (FAS) for Spanish middle- and older-aged adults, considering sociodemographic factors, and different measures such as the total number of words, errors, and words evoked in each 15 sec-segment. Method: A total of 920 cognitively unimpaired participants, aged between 50 and 89 years old, participated in the study. The statistical procedure includes the conversion of percentile ranges into scalar scores to obtain a normal distribution. The effects of age, education, and sex were verified by determination coefficients. Corrections were only applied for those sociodemographic variables that explained more than 5%. Linear regressions are used to calculate the scalar-adjusted scores. Results: Scalar scores and percentiles for all tests across different measures are shown. Supplementary tables are provided for necessary adjustments considering educational level, since the results showed no differences related to age and sex across analyses. Conclusions: This study provides updated and clinically useful normative data for European Spanish-speaking natives, aged from 50 to 89 years, for FAS tests, considering errors and word production over 15-second segments. The influence of education on tasks aligns with findings from previous studies.

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