Prevención basada en el apego y la familia: Una revisión sistemática de estudios longitudinales

• Cócola, Facundo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Flores

     Universidad de Flores

     Argentina

     
• Localización: Psicología UNEMI, ISSN-e 2602-8379, Vol. 9, Nº. 16, 2025 (Ejemplar dedicado a: ENERO-JUNIO), págs. 79-96
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.29076/issn.2602-8379vol9iss16.2025pp%pp
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Prevenção baseada no apego e na família: Uma revisão sistemática de estudos longitudinais
  • Attachment and family-based prevention: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Resumen: El sistema de apego se conforma en relaciones familiares cercanas y cumple funciones fundamentales en el desarrollo psicológico. Por ello, esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo describir asociaciones y predicciones de estudios longitudinales sobre la prevención basada en el apego con muestras de al menos una unidad familiar (UF), publicados entre el 2002 y 2023, rastreados hasta el 23 de julio del 2023 en: Scopus; Web of Science; ProQuest Central; Science Direct; PubMed; PsycNet, y Scholar Google. Se presentan los resultados de los 24 trabajos incluidos (n = 5124 UF) que describen 11 programas preventivos. Los resultados mostraron que los programas informaron eficacia e impacto preventivo positivo a largo plazo sobre dimensiones claves asociadas al apego y al funcionamiento familiar, como: mayor seguridad en el apego, incremento de la sensibilidad parental, disminución de la conflictivo familiar, aumento de las capacidades parentales y disminución de la sintomatología. Por otro lado, la inseguridad en el apego se predijo por factores contextuales (riesgo psicosocial y económico, disfuncionalidad familiar y sintomatología de los cuidadores) y por prácticas de crianza insensibles y duras. Se discuten las limitaciones sobre los contextos de aplicación de los programas, sesgos de género y los beneficios de la perspectiva familiar.

  • português

    Resumo: O sistema de apego é formado por relações familiares próximas e cumpre funções fundamentais no desenvolvimento psicológico. Portanto, esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo descrever associações e previsões de estudos longitudinais sobre prevenção baseada no apego com amostras de pelo menos uma unidade familiar (UF), publicados entre 2002 e 2023, acompanhados até 23 de julho de 2023. Em: Scopus; Web da Ciência; ProQuestCentral; Ciência Direta; PubMed; PsycNet e Google Acadêmico. São apresentados os resultados dos 24 estudos incluídos (n = 5.124 UF) que descrevem 11 programas preventivos. Os resultados mostraram que os programas relataram eficácia e impacto preventivo positivo a longo prazo nas principais dimensões associadas ao apego e ao funcionamento familiar, tais como: maior segurança no apego, aumento da sensibilidade parental, diminuição do conflito familiar, aumento do cuidado parental e redução de sintomas. Por outro lado, a insegurança de apego foi prevista por fatores contextuais (risco psicossocial e económico, disfunção familiar e sintomas do cuidador) e por práticas parentais insensíveis e severas. São discutidas as limitações dos contextos de aplicação dos programas, os preconceitos de género e os benefícios da perspectiva familiar.

  • English

    Abstract: The attachment system is formed in close family relationships and plays fundamental roles in psychological development. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to describe associations and predictions from longitudinal studies on attachment-based prevention with samples of at least one family unit (FU), published between 2002 and 2023, and tracked up to July 23, 2023, in: Scopus; Web of Science; ProQuest Central; Science Direct; PubMed; PsycNet, and Google Scholar. The results of the 24 included studies (n = 5124 FU) describing 11 preventive programs are presented. The results showed that the programs reported efficacy and positive long-term preventive impacts on key dimensions associated with attachment and family functioning, such as: increased attachment security, enhanced parental sensitivity, reduced family conflict, increased parenting capacities, and decreased psychological symptoms. On the other hand, attachment insecurity was predicted by contextual factors (psychosocial and economic risk, family dysfunction, and caregiver symptoms) and by insensitive and harsh parenting practices. The limitations regarding the contexts of program application, gender biases, and the benefits of the family perspective are discussed.

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