Testes Psicológicos mais Usados em Portugal: Resultados de um Inquérito a Psicólogos Portugueses

Mário R Simões; Maria João Seabra-Santos; Pedro Armelim Almiro; Leandro S. Almeida

Testes Psicológicos mais Usados em Portugal: Resultados de um Inquérito a Psicólogos Portugueses

Mário R. Simões ^[1] ; Maria João Seabra-Santos ^[1] ; Pedro Armelim Almiro ^[2] ; Leandro S. Almeida ^[3]
1. [1] Universidade de Coimbra
  
  Universidade de Coimbra
  
  Coimbra (Sé Nova), Portugal
2. [2] Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa
  
  Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa
  
  Socorro, Portugal
3. [3] Universidade do Minho
  
  Universidade do Minho
  
  Braga (São José de São Lázaro), Portugal
Mostrar afiliaciones +
Localización: Revista iberoamericana de diagnóstico y evaluación psicológica, ISSN 1135-3848, ISSN-e 2183-6051, Vol. 2, Nº 72, 2024, págs. 91-110
Idioma: portugués
DOI: 10.21865/RIDEP72.2.07
Títulos paralelos:
- Most Commonly Used Psychological Tests in Portugal: Findings from a Survey of Portuguese Psychologists
Enlaces
- Texto completo (pdf)
Resumen
- português
  A avaliação psicológica constituiu uma atividade relevante e exclusiva da Psicologia, justificando a análise da evolução da sua prática. Este artigo identifica os testes e outros instrumentos de avaliação psicológica mais utilizados em Portugal. Participaram 1383 psicólogos que responderam a um inquérito online. Os resultados permitem salientar que os testes de avaliação da inteligência (escalas de inteligência de Wechsler e, particularmente, a WISC) e de raciocínio não-verbal (Matrizes de Raven) estão entre os mais utilizados. Verificase um incremento no recurso a testes neuropsicológicos, testes de rastreio cognitivo, escalas de avaliação do comportamento e testes de rendimento ou realização escolar, e uma diminuição na utilização de testes projetivos.
  
  Assinala-se, ainda, uma maior utilização de inventários de sintomas psicopatológicos do que inventários mais clássicos de personalidade. A discussão dos resultados remete para a necessidade de mais investigação relativa aos instrumentos utilizados, explicitando os dados referentes à precisão, validade e normalização dos seus resultados, favorecendo a qualidade dos testes em uso e assegurando assim uma utilização mais criteriosa dos instrumentos disponíveis pelos psicólogos portugueses nas suas práticas de avaliação psicológica.
- English
  Psychological assessment has been a relevant and exclusive activity of Psychology, justifying an analysis of the evolution of its practice. This article identifies the tests and other psychological assessment instruments most commonly used in Portugal. A total of 1383 psychologists took part and responded to an online survey. The results show that intelligence assessment tests (Wechsler Intelligence Scales, particularly the WISC) and nonverbal reasoning tests (Raven's Matrices) are among the most widely used. There has been an increase in the use of neuropsychological tests, cognitive screening tests, behavioral assessment scales and school performance or achievement tests, while there has been a decrease in the use of projective tests. On the other hand, there was a greater use of psychopathological symptom inventories than more classic personality inventories. The discussion of the results points to the need for more research into the instruments used, focusing on data relating to the reliability, validity and standardization of their results, promoting the quality of the tests in use and ensuring a more rigorous use of the instruments available to Portuguese psychologists in their psychological assessment practices.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Ackerman, M. J., Bow, J. N., & Mathy, N. (2021). Child custody evaluation practices: Where we were, where we are, and where we are going....
- Almeida, L. S., Simões, M. R., Seabra-Santos, M. J., & Almiro, P. A. (2021, Julho). Utilização de testes psicológicos em Portugal. PSIS21,...
- Alves, L., Simões, M. R., Martins, C., Freitas, S., & Santana, I. (2013). TeLPI performance in subjects with mild cognitive impairment...
- Archer, R. P., & Newsom, C. R. (2000). Psychological test usage with adolescent clients: Survey update. Assessment, 7(3), 227-335. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319110000700303...
- Archer, R. P., Buffington-Vollum, J. K., Stredny, R. V., & Handel, R. W. (2006). A survey of psychological test use patterns among forensic...
- Archer, R. P., Wheeler, E. M. A., & Vauter, R. A. (2016). Empirically supported forensic assessment. Clinical Psychology: Science and...
- Areh, I., Verkampt, F., & Allan, A. (2022). Critical review of the use of the Rorschach in European courts. Psychiatry, Psychology and...
- Benson, N. F., Floydb, R. G., Kranzlerc, J. H., Eckertd, T. L., Fefere, S. A., & Morgana, G. B. (2019). Test use and assessment practices...
- Bornstein, R. F. (2017). Evidence-based psychological assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(4), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1236343...
- Bow, J. N., Gould, J. W., Flens, J. R., & Greenhut, D. (2006). Testing in child custody evaluations-selection, usage, and Daubert admissibility:...
- Brooks, B. L., Ploetz, D. M, & Kirkwood, M. W. (2016). A survey of neuropsychologists' use of validity tests with children and adolescents....
- Brown, W. R., & McGuire, J. M. (1976). Current psychological assessment practices. Professional Psychology, 7(4), 475-484. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.7.4.475...
- Butler, M., Retzlaff, P., & Vanderploeg, R. (1991). Neuropsychological test usage. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22(6),...
- Camara, W. J., Nathan, J. S., & Puente, A. E. (2000). Psychological test usage: Implications in professional psychology. Professional...
- Cashel, M. L. (2002). Child and adolescent psychological assessment: Current clinical practices and the impact of managed care. Professional...
- Cavaco, S., Gonçalves, A., Pinto, C., Almeida, E., Gomes, F., Moreira, I., Fernandes, J., & Teixeira-Pinto, A. (2015). Auditory Verbal...
- Cook, J. R., Hausman, E. M., Jensen-Doss, A., & Hawley, K. M. (2017). Assessment practices of child clinicians: Results from a national...
- Dandachi-FitzGerald, B., Ponds, R. W. H. M., & Merten, T. (2013). Symptom validity and neuropsychological assessment: A survey of practices...
- de Ruiter, C., Giromini, L., Meyer, G. J., King, C. M., & Rubin, B. A. (2023). Clarifying sound and suspect use of the Rorschach in forensic...
- Di Pucchio, A., Vanacore, N., Marzolini, F., Lacorte, E., Di Fiandra, T., I-DemObs Group, & Gasparini, M. (2018). Use of neuropsychological...
- Diniz, A. M., Almeida, L. S., & Pais, L. G. (2007). Contextos profissionais e práticas de avaliação psicológica: Inquérito aos psicólogos...
- Donoso, O. A., Hernandez, B., & Horin, E. V. (2010). Use of psychological tests within vocational rehabilitation. Journal of Vocational...
- Echemendia, R. J., & Harris, J. G. (2004). Neuropsychological test use with Hispanic/ Latino populations in the U.S.: Part II of a national...
- Evers, A., Muñiz, J., Bartram, D., Boben, D., Egeland, J., Fernández-Hermida, J. R., Frans, Ö., Gintiliené, G., Hagemeister, C., Halama, P.,...
- Fernandes, S. (2013). Stroop: Teste de Cores e de Palavras. Manual. Hogrefe.
- Fernandez-Ballesteros, R., De Bruyn, E. E. J., Godoy, A., Horke, L. F., Laak, J. T., Vizcarro, C., Westhoof, K., Westmeyer, H., & Zaccagini,...
- Garb, H. N. (1999). Call for a moratorium on the use of the Rorschach Inkblot Test in clinical and forensic settings. Assessment, 6, 313-317....
- Giromini, L., Pasqualini, S., Corgiat Loia, A., Pignolo, C., Di Girolamo, M., & Zennaro, A. (2022). A survey of practices and beliefs...
- Goh, D. S., Teslow, C. J., & Fuller, G. B. (1981). The practice of psychological assessment among school psychologists. Professional Psychology,...
- Groth-Marnat, G., & Wright, A. J. (2016). Handbook of psychological assessment (6th ed.). Wiley.
- Guilmette, T. J., Faust, D., Hart, K., & Arkes, H. R. (1990). A national survey of psychologists who offer neuropsychological services....
- Harrison, P. L., Kaufman, A. S., Hickman, J. A., & Kaufman, N. L. (1988). A survey of tests used for adult assessment. Journal of Psychoeducational...
- Haynes, S. N., Smith, G. T., & Hunsley, J. D. (2019). Scientific foundations of clinical assessment (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Heilbrun, K., DeMatteo, D., Holliday, S. B., & LaDuke, C. (2014). Teaching point: Whether and how to criticize material from the records....
- Hernández, A., Elosua, P., Wechsler, S., & Muñiz, J. (2020). El uso de los tests en España y Latinoamérica: Perspectivas actuales y retos...
- Hill, D., & Demetrioff, S. (2019). Clinical-forensic psychology in Canada: A survey of practitioner characteristics, attitudes, and psychological...
- Hunsley, J., & Meyer, G. J. (2003). The incremental validity of psychological testing and assessment: Conceptual, methodological, and...
- Hunsley, J., Lee, C. M., Wood, J. M., & Taylor, W. (2015). Controversial and questionable assessment techniques. In S. O. Lilienfeld,...
- Hutton, J. B., Dubes, R., & Muir, S. (1992). Assessment practices of school psychologists: Ten years later. School Psychology Review,...
- Lally, S. J. (2003). What tests are acceptable for use in forensic evaluations? A survey of experts. Professional Psychology: Research and...
- Lees-Haley, P. R., Smith, H. H., Williams, C. W., & Dunn, J. T. (1996). Forensic neuropsychological test usage: An empirical survey. Archives...
- Lemos, R., Simões, M. R., Santiago, B., & Santana, I. (2015). The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test: Validation for mild cognitive...
- Louttit, C. M., & Browne, C. G. (1947). The use of psychometric instruments in psychological clinics. Journal of Consulting Psychology,...
- Lubin, B., Larsen, R. M., & Matarazzo, J. D. (1984). Patterns of psychological test usage in the United States: 1935–1982. American Psychologist,...
- Lubin, B., Wallis, R. R., & Paine, C. (1971). Patterns of psychological test usage in the United States: 1935-1969. Professional Psychology,...
- Maluf, R. G., Lopes, J. A. L., & Oliveira, C. R. G. (2022). Práticas de avaliação psicológica escolar: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura....
- Martin, M., Allan, A., & Allan, M. M. (2001). The use of psychological tests by Australian psychologists who do assessments for the courts....
- Martin, P. K., Schroeder, R. W., & Odland, A. P. (2015). Neuropsychologists’ validity testing beliefs and practices: A survey of North...
- McLaughlin, J. L., & Kan, L. Y. (2014). Test usage in four common types of forensic mental health assessment. Professional Psychology:...
- Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., Eisman, E. J., Kubiszyn, T. W., & Reed, G. M. (2001)....
- Muñiz, J., Hernández, A., & Fernández-Hermida, J. R. (2020). La utilización de los tests en España: El punto de vista de los psicólogos....
- Muñiz, J., & Fernández-Hermida, J. R. (2010). La opinión de los psicólogos españoles sobre el uso de los tests. Papeles del Psicólogo,...
- Muñiz, J., Bartram, D., Evers, A., Boben, D., Matesic, K., Glabeke, K., Fernández-Hermida, J. R., & Zaal, J. N. (2001). Testing practices...
- Muñiz, J., Prieto, G., Almeida, L., & Bartram, D. (1999). Test use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries. European Journal of...
- Neimeyer, G. J., Taylor, J. M., & Rozensky, R. H. (2012). The diminishing durability of knowledge in professional psychology: A Delphi...
- Noronha, A. P. P., Primi, R., & Alchieri, J. C. (2005). Instrumentos de avaliação mais conhecidos/utilizados por psicólogos e estudantes...
- Oakland, T. Douglas, S., & Kane, H. (2016). Top 10 standardized tests used internationally with children and youth by school psychologists...
- Peterson, C. H., Lomas, G. I., Neukrug, E. S., & Bonner, M. W. (2014). Assessment use by counselors in the United States: Implications...
- Piotrowski, C., & Keller, J. W. (1992). Psychological testing in applied settings: A literature review from 1982-1992. The Journal of...
- Quinnell, F. A., & Bow, J. N. (2001). Psychological tests used in child custody evaluations. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19, 491-501....
- Rabin, L. A., Barr, W. B., & Burton, L. A. (2005). Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada:...
- Rabin, L. A., Paolillo, E., & Barr, W. B. (2016). Stability in test-usage practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States...
- Rabin, L. A., Spadaccini, A. T., Brodale, D. L., Grant, K. S., Elbulok-Charcape, M. M., & Barr, W. B. (2014). Utilization rates of computerized...
- Reppold, C. T., Wechsler, S. M., Almeida, L. S., Elosua, P., & Hutz, C. S. (2020). Perfil dos psicólogos brasileiros que utilizam testes...
- Ryan, A. M., & Sackett, P. R. (1987). A survey of individual assessment practices by I/O psychologists. Personnel Psychology, 40(3), 455-488....
- Ryan, J., Dai, X-D., & Zheng, L. (1994). Psychological test usage in the People's Republic of China. Journal of Psychoeducational...
- Seabra-Santos, M. J., Simões, M. R., Almiro, P. A., & Almeida, L. S. (2021). Utilização de testes para avaliar crianças dos 0 aos 7 anos:...
- Seabra-Santos, M. J., Almiro, P. A., Simões, M. R., & Almeida, L. S. (2019). Testes psicológicos em Portugal: Atitudes, problemas e perfil...
- Shapiro, E. S., & Heick, P. F. (2004). School psychologist assessment practices in the evaluation of students referred for social /behavioral/emotional...
- Sherman, E. M. S., Tan, J. E., & Hrabok, M. (Eds.) (2023). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Fundamentals of neuropsychological...
- Simões, M. R., Albuquerque, C. P., Pinho, M. S., Vilar, M., Pereira, M., Lopes, A. F., Seabra-Santos, M. J., Alberto, I., Lopes, C., Martins,...
- Simões, M. R., Almeida, L. S., & Gonçalves, M. M. (Coords.) (2017). Psicologia Forense: Instrumentos de Avaliação. Pactor.
- Simões, M. R., Almeida, L. S., Seabra-Santos, M., & Almiro, P. A. (2018, 12-13 de Outubro). Testes e outros instrumentos mais utilizados...
- Simões, M. R., Sousa, L. B., Fonseca, M. S., Garcia, S. M., Pinho, J. I., Soares, D. M., Silva, D. C., Oliveira, C. S., Mota, M., Maior, F....
- Slick, D. J., Tan, J. E., Strauss, E. H., & Hultsch, D. F. (2004). Detecting malingering: A survey of experts’ practices. Archives of...
- Slick, D. J., & Craig, P. L. (1991). Neuropsychological assessment in public psychiatric hospitals: The changing state of the practice...
- Smith, S. R., Gorske, T., Wiggins, C., & Little, J. A. (2010). Personality assessment use by clinical neuropsychologists. International...
- Sousa, L. B., Vilar, M., Prieto, G., & Simões, M. R. (2017). Inventário de Avaliação Funcional de Adultos e Idosos (IAFAI). In M. M. Gonçalves,...
- Sullivan, K., & Bowden, S.C. (1997). Which tests do neuropsychologists use? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(7), 657-661. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199711)53:7<657::AID-JCLP3>3.0.CO;2-F...
- Sundberg, N. D. (1961). The practice of psychological testing in clinical services in the United States. American Psychologist, 16(2), 79-83....
- Tarroja, M. C., Alcala, M. A., Simon, P. D., & Sanchez, J. D. (2020). A review of psychological assessment practice in the Philippines:...
- Turcotte, M. (1994). Use of tests in the Canadian employment services. Journal of Employment Counseling, 31(4), 188-199. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1994.tb00978.x...
- Wade, T. C., & Baker, T. B. (1977). Opinions and use of psychological tests: A survey of clinical psychologists. American Psychologist,...
- Wade, T. C., Baker, T. B., Morton, T. L., & Baker, L. J. (1978). The status of psychological testing in clinical psychology: Relationships...
- Watkins, C. E., Campbell, V. L., & McGregor, P. (1988). Counseling psychologists' uses of and opinions about psychological tests:...
- Watkins, C. E., Campbell, V. L., Nieberding, R., & Hallmark, R. (1995). Contemporary practice of psychological assessment by clinical...
- Watkins, C. E., Jr. (1991). What have surveys taught us about the teaching and practice of psychological assessment?. Journal of Personality...
- Weiner, I. B. (1999). What the Rorschach can do for you: Incremental validity in clinical applications. Assessment, 6, 327-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319119900600404...
- Wertz, M., Hank, L., Hausam, J., Konrad, N., Schiltz, K., Imhoff, R., & Rettenberger, M. (2022). The use and reporting practice of psychological...
- Wright, C. V., Beattie, S. G., Galper, D. I., Church, A. S., Bufka, L. F., Brabender, V. M., & Smith, B. L. (2017). Assessment practices...