Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) in Organizational Psychology: Theoretical Overview, Research Guidelines, and A Step-By-Step Tutorial Using R Software

• Nicola Cangialosi ^[1]
  1. [1] University of Florence

     University of Florence

     Firenze, Italia

     
• Localización: The Spanish Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1138-7416, Nº 26, 2023
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2023.21
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is a method for assessing the effects of configurations of variables leading to an outcome. The recent growth of interest in this technique in organizational psychology is proving this method to be an important tool for addressing new and decisive research hypotheses. However, the effectiveness of fsQCA is dictated not only by its general principles, but also by how well these are understood and applied in the research community. Consequently, a guide that covers the fundamental ideas and tenets of the approach is required to aid the research community in its comprehension and practical application. The current study seeks to offer an understanding of FsQCA by providing: (a) A complete description of the method highlighting some of the most important theoretical-methodological aspects; (b) a perspective on the most used guidelines and recommendations, and (c) step-by-step instructions on how to carry out FsQCA in R using the QCA package. Data from 120 employees and supervisors derived from a company based in central Italy were used o best to illustrate how to carry out fsQCA. Codes for conducting the analyses from the QCA package for R accompany the tutorial and can be adapted to a new dataset.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Aus, J. P. (2009). Conjunctural causation in comparative case-oriented research. Quality & Quantity, 43(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-007-9104-4
  • Battistelli, A., Odoardi, C., Cangialosi, N., Di Napoli, G., & Piccione, L. (2022). The role of image expectations in linking organizational...
  • Cangialosi, N., Battistelli, A., & Odoardi, C. (2021). Designing innovative jobs: A fuzzy-set configurational analysis of job characteristics....
  • Cangialosi, N., Deprez, G. R. M., Odoardi, C., & Battistelli, A. (2019). Work based learning: Italian adaptation of the Learning Potential...
  • Cangialosi, N., Odoardi, C., & Battistelli, A. (2020). Learning climate and innovative work behavior, the mediating role of the learning...
  • Caren, N., & Panofsky, A. (2015). The benefits of a qualitative approach to causal inference: Counterfactuals and case selection in the...
  • Dawson, J. F., & Richter, A. W. (2006). Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of...
  • Dooley, K. J. (2008). Organizational psychology. In Guastello, S. J., Koopmans, M., & Pincus, D. (Eds.), Chaos and complexity in psychology:...
  • Duşa, A. (2019). QCA with R. Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75668-4
  • Fiss, P. C. (2007). A set-theoretic approach to organizational configurations. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1180–1198. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586092
  • Fiss, P. C. (2011). Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research. Academy of Management Journal,...
  • Furnari, S., Crilly, D., Misangyi, V. F., Greckhamer, T., Fiss, P. C., & Aguilera, R. V. (2021). Capturing causal complexity: Heuristics...
  • Gerrits, L., & Pagliarin, S. (2021). Social and causal complexity in qualitative comparative analysis (QCA): Strategies to account for...
  • Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P. C., & Aguilera, R. V. (2018). Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best...
  • Greckhamer, T., Misangyi, V. F., & Fiss, P. C. (2013). Chapter 3. The two QCAs: From a small-n to a large-n set theoretic approach. In...
  • Guastello, S. J., & Liebovitch, L. S. (2008). Introduction to nonlinear dynamics and complexity. In Guastello, S. J., Koopmans, M., &...
  • Igartua, J.-J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: Concepts, computations, and some common...
  • Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort‐reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational...
  • Ketchen, D. J. (2013). Chapter 13. We try harder: Some reflections on configurational theory and methods. In Fiss, P.C., Cambré, B., &...
  • Liu, Y., Mezei, J., Kostakos, V., & Li, H. (2017). Applying configurational analysis to IS behavioural research: A methodological alternative...
  • Mattke, J., Maier, C., Weitzel, T., & Thatcher, J. B. (2021). Qualitative comparative analysis in the information systems discipline:...
  • Meier, A. (2017). The configurational perspective in organizational psychology: Fuzzy sets for novel insights [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]....
  • Meuer, J. (2014). Archetypes of inter-firm relations in the implementation of management innovation: A set-theoretic study in China’s biopharmaceutical...
  • Meyer, A. D., Tsui, A. S., & Hinings, C. R. (1993). Configurational approaches to organizational analysis. The Academy of Management Journal,...
  • Nikolova, I., van Ruysseveldt, J., De Witte, H., & Syroit, J. (2014). Work-based learning: Development and validation of a scale measuring...
  • Nikou, S., Mezei, J., Liguori, E. W., & El Tarabishy, A. (2022). FsQCA in entrepreneurship research: Opportunities and best practices....
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). An overview of psychological measurement. In Wolman, B. B. (Ed.), Clinical diagnosis of mental disorders (pp. 97–146)....
  • Ong, W. J., & Johnson, M. D. (2021). Towards a configural theory of job demands and resources. Academy of Management Journal, 66(1), 195–221....
  • Ott, U., Sinkovics, R. R., & Hoque, S. F. (2018). Advances in qualitative comparative analysis (QCA): Application of fuzzy set in business...
  • Pappas, N. (2017). Risks and marketing in online transactions: A qualitative comparative analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(8), 852–868....
  • Pappas, I. O., & Woodside, A. G. (2021). Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA): Guidelines for research practice in information...
  • Parente, T. C., & Federo, R. (2019). Qualitative comparative analysis: Justifying a neo-configurational approach in management research....
  • Ragin, C. C. (1987). The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520957350 Ragin,...
  • Ragin, C. C. (2006). Set relations in social research: Evaluating their consistency and coverage. Political Analysis, 14(3), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpj019
  • Ragin, C. C. (2009). Measurement versus calibration: A set‐theoretic approach. In Box-Steffensmeier, J. M., Brady, H. E., & Collier, D....
  • Ragin, C. C. (2014). The comparative method. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520957350
  • Ragin, C. C., & Fiss, P. C. (2008). Net effects analysis versus configurational analysis: An empirical demonstration. In Ragin, C. C....
  • Rihoux, B., & Ragin, C. C. (2009 ). Configurational comparative methods: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques...
  • Rihoux, B., & Ragin, C. C. (2018). Configurational comparative methods: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques....
  • Roig-Tierno, N., Gonzalez-Cruz, T. F., & Llopis-Martinez, J. (2017). An overview of qualitative comparative analysis: A bibliometric analysis....
  • Rubinson, C., Gerrits, L., Rutten, R., & Greckhamer, T. (2019). Avoiding common errors in QCA: A short guide for new practitioners. Sociology,...
  • Schneider, M. R., & Eggert, A. (2014). Embracing complex causality with the QCA method: An invitation. JBM-Journal of Business Market...
  • Schneider, C. Q., & Wagemann, C. (2010). Standards of good practice in qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and fuzzy-sets. Comparative...
  • Schwab, A., & Golla, S. (2021). Reconsidering configurational approaches to organizational paradox research. Journal of Management Inquiry,...
  • Short, J. C., Payne, G. T., & Ketchen, D. J. (2008). Research on organizational configurations: Past accomplishments and future challenges....
  • Thiem, A. (2014). Membership function sensitivity of descriptive statistics in fuzzy-set relations. International Journal of Social Research...
  • Vassinen, A. (2012). Configurational explanation of marketing outcomes: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach [Doctoral thesis,...
  • Wagemann, C., & Schneider, C. Q. (2015). Transparency standards in qualitative comparative analysis. Qualitative & Multi-Method Research,...
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8(3), 338–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x
  • Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) in Organizational Psychology: Theoretical Overview, Research Guidelines, and A Step-By-Step...
  • Misangyi, V. F., Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P. C., Crilly, D., & Aguilera, R. (2016). Embracing causal complexity: The emergence...