Aproximaciones evolutivas y psicopatología: Teoría de historia de vida y sistemas psicobiológicos en el trastorno de personalidad límite

• Laura Torres-Cuellar ^[1] ; Elkin M. Puerto-Rojas ^[1] ; Martha J. González-Bernal ^[1] ; Ivonne A. Grau-González ^[1] ; Leonardo A. Ortega ^[1]
  1. [1] Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz

     Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz

     Colombia

     
• Localización: Papeles del psicólogo, ISSN-e 1886-1415, ISSN 0214-7823, Vol. 43, Nº. 3, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Conducta suicida en adolescentes. La disforia de género a debate), págs. 225-234
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Evolutionary approaches and psychopathology: Life history theory and psychobiological systems for borderline personality disorder
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1 (pdf)   2 (pdf) 
• Resumen
  • español

    La psicología clínica requiere de constantes desarrollos científicos que lleven a una explicación de la complejidad de los trastornos mentales y sus bases causales. Las aproximaciones evolutivas han mostrado ser de particular poder heurístico para esta tarea. Entre ellas, la Teoría de Historia de Vida (THV) incorpora avances teóricos y empíricos novedosos y significativos. No obstante, existe la necesidad de incorporar investigación y aproximaciones evolutivas adicionales de interés. Por lo tanto, en este artículo se propondrá el potencial de integración al ampliar la causalidad evolutiva en conjunción con aproximaciones de sistemas psicobiológicos de conducta. Para esto se utilizará como ejemplo el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad, ampliando su comprensión como una interacción de causas próximas entre los sistemas psicobiológicos de estrés y apego, dentro del marco de causas últimas de THV. Finalmente, se demarcarán aspectos que nutren el campo clínico con implicaciones para la evaluación y los dominios de intervención.

  • English

    Clinical psychology requires continuous research to encourage integrative explanations for the complexity of mental disorders and their underlying causes. Biological evolutionary approaches have shown particular heuristic power for this endeavor. Life history theory (LHT) is an evolutionary model that incorporates novel and significant theoretical and empirical advances. However, there is a growing need for the incorporation of other successful evolutionary approaches. Thus, the goal of the present paper is to propose potential integrative connections between evolutionary causal modes, behavior systems, and LHT. For this, borderline personality disorder is used as an example of a condition that can be understood as an interaction between stress and attachment psychobiological systems (proximate causes), within the framework of ultimate causes clarified by LHT. To conclude, we will outline several aspects that could enhance the clinical field with implications for assessment and intervention.

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