Colombian Adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)

• Autores: Nicolás Martínez Ramos, Lucila Cárdenas Niño, Daniel Camilo Aguirre Acevedo
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 34, Nº. 4, 2022, págs. 621-630
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2022.86
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Adaptación Colombiana de la Escala de Autocompasión (EAC)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La Autocompasión es un concepto clave para evaluar la forma en que las personas se relacionan con su sufrimiento en momentos de dificultad personal. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autocompasión (EAC) en una muestra colombiana. Método: Se adaptó la versión en español de la SCS al contexto colombiano a través de una técnica de validez de contenido. Esta versión fue administrada a 751 colombianos de la comunidad en general. Los análisis psicométricos se realizaron usando diferentes paquetes de R Studio. Resultados: 7 modelos fueron probados, el que mejor ajustó fue el modelo bifactor ESEM (χ2/df = 0.86, CFI = 1, TLI= 1.00, RMSEA= 0.000, SRMR= 0.01). Este modelo obtuvo índices de confiabilidad adecuados (ωh = 0.83, FD= 0.93, H= 0.96). Conclusiones: Se logró obtener una evidencia psicométrica inicial de la estructura del EAC en Colombia, en la cual se obtuvieron pruebas de la existencia de un factor general en el modelo ESEM bifactorial. Es necesario hacer más investigación para justificar completamente el uso del SCS en el país.

  • English

    Self-Compassion is crucial for assessing how people relate to their suffering in moments of personal difficulty. The objective of this study was to check the psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in a Colombian sample. Method: The Spanish version of the SCS was adapted to the Colombian context via a content validity technique. This version was administered to 751 Colombians from the general community. Psychometric analysis was performed using R studio packages. Results: 7 models were tested, the best fit was found for the bifactor ESEM model (χ2/df = 0.86, CFI = 1, TLI= 1, RMSEA= 0.00, SRMR= 0.01). This model produced optimal reliability indices (ωh = 0.83, FD= 0.93, H= 0.96). Conclusions: The study produced initial psychometric evidence of the structure of the SCS in Colombia, with evidence of a general factor in the bifactor ESEM model. More research is needed to justify the complete usage of the SCS in the country.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Alabdulaziz, H., Alquwez, N., Almazan, J. U., Albougami, A., Alshammari, F., & Cruz, J. P. (2020). The Self-Compassion Scale Arabic version...
  • Assis, C. M., Almeida, L. S., & Núñez, J. C. (2017). Rationale and applicability of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) in...
  • Arcila, S. (2020). Efecto de un protocolo grupal breve basado en mindful selfcompassion (MSC) sobre la autocompasión, autocrítica, autoeficacia,...
  • Ardela-Cabrera, C. & Olivas, L. O., (2019). Escala de Autocompasión (EAC): evidencias psicométricas iniciales en adolescentes de Lima,...
  • Araya-Véliz, C., Moncada, L., Fauré, J., Mera, L., Musa, G., Cerda, J., Fernández, M., Araya, P. Becerra, M., Castillo, R., Concha, L. F.,...
  • Arimitsu, K. (2014). Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Shinrigaku Kenkyu, 85(1), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.85.50
  • Azizi, A., Mohammadkhani, P., Lotfi, S., & Bahramkhani, M. (2013). The validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the Self-Compassion...
  • Blum, D., Auné, S., Ahumada, C., Galibert, M. S., & Attorresi, H. (2013). Criterios para la eliminación de ítems de un Test de Analogías...
  • Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales. International Journal of clinical...
  • Coroiu, A., Kwakkenbos, L., Moran, C., Thombs, B., Albani, C., Bourkas, S., Zenger, M., Brahler, E., & Körner, A. (2018). Structural validation...
  • Costa, J., Marôco, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Ferreira, C., & Castilho, P. (2016). Validation of the psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion...
  • Cunha, M., Xavier, A., & Castilho, P. (2016). Understanding Self-compassion in adolescents: Validation study of the Self-Compassion Scale....
  • Deniz, M., Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Social...
  • De Souza, L. K., & Hutz, C. S. (2016). Adaptation of the Self-compassion scale for use in Brazil: Evidence of construct validity. Temas...
  • Elosua, P., y Zumbo, B. (2008). Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psicothema, 20 (4), 896-901. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/727/72720458.pdf
  • Fabrigar, L., Wegener, D., MacCallum, R. & Strahan, E. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research....
  • Ferrando, P. J. (2021). Seven decades of factor analysis: From Yela to the present day. Psicothema. 33(3), 378-385. https://doi:10.7334/psicothema2021.24
  • Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2010). Acquiescence as a source of bias and model and person misfit: A theoretical and empirical...
  • Ferrando, P. J., Lorenzo-Seva, U., Hernández-Dorado, A., & Muñiz, J. (2022). Decálogo para el Análisis Factorial de los Ítems de un Test...
  • García-Campayo, J., Navarro-Gil, M., Andrés, E., Montero-Marin, J., López-Artal, L., & Demarzo, M. M. P. (2014). Validation of the Spanish...
  • Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 856–867. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22021
  • Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 6–41. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12043
  • Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin,...
  • González, J. (2017). Aplicación de estrategias de un programa de entrenamiento en autocompasión consciente en el caso de un padre con déficit...
  • Gómez-Benito, J., Sireci, S., Padilla, J. L., Hidalgo, M. D., y Benítez, I. (2018). Differential Item Functioning: Beyond validity evidence...
  • Grice, J. W. (2001). Computing and evaluating factor scores. Psychological methods, 6(4), 430 – 450. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.6.4.430
  • Halamová, J., Kanovský, M., & Pacúchová, M. (2017). Self-compassion scale: IRT psychometric analysis, validation, and factor structure...
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives....
  • Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N. (2011). Validierung einer deutschen version der self-compassion scale (SCS-D), [Validation of a German version...
  • Izquierdo Alfaro, I., Olea Díaz, J., & Abad García, F. J. (2014). Exploratory factor analysis in validation studies: Uses and recommendations....
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Kotsou, I., & Leys, C. (2016). Self-Compassion Scale (SCS): Psychometric properties of the French translation and its relations with psychological...
  • Kyriazos, T. A. (2018). Applied Psychometrics: Sample size and sample power considerations in Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in general....
  • Kumlander, S., Lahtinen, O., Turunen, T., & Salmivalli, C. (2018). Two is more valid than one, but is six even better? The factor structure...
  • Lawshe C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology. 28(4), 563- 575. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  • Lei, P. W. (2009). Evaluating estimation methods for ordinal data in structural equation modeling. Quality and Quantity, 43(3), 495-507. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-007-9133-z
  • Liang, X., & Yang, Y. (2014). An evaluation of WLSMV and Bayesian methods for confirmatory factor analysis with categorical indicators....
  • Lloret-Segura, S., Ferreres-Traver, A., Hernández-Baeza, A., & Tomás-Marco, I. (2014). El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems:...
  • López, A., Sanderman, R., Smink, A., Zhang, Y., Eric, V. S., Ranchor, A., & Schroevers, M. J. (2015). A reconsideration of the Self-Compassion...
  • Mantzios, M., & Wilson, J. C. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Greek versions of the Self-Compassion and Mindful Attention and Awareness...
  • Muñiz, J. (1998). La medición de lo psicológico. Psicothema, 10(1), 1-21. https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/PST/article/view/7442
  • Muñiz, J. (2010). Test Theories: Classical Theory and Item Response Theory. Papeles Del Psicólogo, 31(1), 57–66. https://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/1796.pdf
  • Muñiz, J., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2019). Diez pasos para la construcción de un test [Ten steps to make a test]. Psicothema, 31(1), 7-16....
  • Muñiz, J., Elosua, P., & Hambleton, R. K. (2013). Directrices para la traducción y adaptación de los tests: segunda edición [Guidelines...
  • Muris, P. (2016). A Protective Factor against Mental Health Problems in Youths? A Critical Note on the Assessment of Self-Compassion. Journal...
  • Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2017). Protection or vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative Components...
  • Muris, P., van den Broek, M., Otgaar, H., Oudenhoven, I., & Lennartz, J. (2018). Good and bad sides of Self-Compassion: A face validity...
  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-Compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101....
  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure Self-compassion. Self and identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
  • Neff, K. D. (2016a). Does Self-Compassion entail reduce Self-Judgment, Isolation, and Over-Identification? A Response to Muris, Otgaar, and...
  • Neff, K. D. (2016b). The Self-Compassion Scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of Self-Compassion. Mindfulness, 7(1), 264–274....
  • Neff, K. D., Bluth, K., Tóth-Király, I., Davidson, O., Knox, M. C., Williamson, Z., & Costigan, A. (2021). Development and validation...
  • Neff, K., Hsieh, Y., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity,...
  • Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity,...
  • Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between Self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community...
  • Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., & Colosimo, K. (2018). Self-compassion is best measured as a global construct and is overlapping with but...
  • Neff, K. D., Whittaker, T. A., & Karl, A. (2017). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion scale in four distinct populations:...
  • Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Yarnell, L. M., Arimitsu, K., Castilho, P., Ghorbani, N., Guo, H. X., Hirsch, J. K., Hupfeld, J., Hutz, C. S.,...
  • Pastorelli, J & Gargurevich, R. (2018). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de autocompasión en estudiantes de medicina de Lima, [Psychometric...
  • Pérez, L.B. & Trujillo, L. F. (2018). Efectividad de un programa de autocompasión basado en ACT en un contexto de educación inclusiva...
  • Petrocchi, N., Ottaviani, C., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2014). Dimensionality of self-compassion: Translation and construct validation of the...
  • Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion...
  • RStudio Team (2022). RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA URL https://www.rstudio.com/
  • Reise, S. P., Moore, T. M., & Haviland, M. G. (2010). Bifactor models and rotations: Exploring the extent to which multidimensional data...
  • Reise, S. P. (2012). The rediscovery of bifactor measurement models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47, 667–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2012.715555.
  • Reise, S. P., Bonifay, W. E., & Haviland, M. G. (2013). Scoring and modeling psychological measures in the presence of multidimensionality....
  • Rodriguez, A., Reise, S. P., & Haviland, M. G. (2015). Applying bifactor statistical indices in the evaluation of psychological measures....
  • Rodriguez de Behrends, M., Eidman, L. & Mántaras, F. (2021). Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escalas de Autocompasión (EAC)...
  • Sireci, S., y Faulkner-Bond, M. (2014). Validity evidence based on test content. Psicothema, 26(1), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.256
  • Suárez-Álvarez, J., Pedrosa, I., Lozano, L. M., García Cueto, E., Cuesta, M., & Muñiz, J. (2018). Using reversed items in Likert scales:...
  • Suh, Y. (2015). The Performance of Maximum Likelihood and Weighted Least Square Mean and Variance Adjusted Estimators in Testing Differential...
  • Tristán-López, A. (2008). Modificación al modelo de Lawshe para el dictamen cuantitativo de la validez de contenido de un instrumento objetivo....
  • Tóth-Király, I., Bőthe, B., & Orosz, G. (2017). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of the Self-Compassion Scale. Mindfulness,...
  • Vallejo-Medina, P., Gómez-Lugo, M., Marchal-Bertrand, L., Saavedra-Roa, A., Soler, F., & Morales, A. (2017). Developing guidelines for...
  • Williams, M. J., Dalgleish, T., Karl, A., & Kuyken, W. (2014). Examining the factor structures of the five-facet mindfulness questionnaire...
  • Xia, Y., & Yang, Y. (2019). RMSEA, CFI, and TLI in structural equation modeling with ordered categorical data: The story they tell depends...
  • Zeng, X., Wei, J., Oei, T. P., & Liu, X. (2016). The self-compassion scale is not validated in a Buddhist sample. Journal of religion...