Impacto del confinamiento por la COVID-19 en España y República Dominicana: Un estudio transcultural con jóvenes emergentes y adultos

• Autores: Pilar Gómez Mir, Marta Gómez Gómez, Blas Valenzuela
• Localización: Informació psicològica, ISSN 0214-347X, Nº. 121 (Enero - junio: Temas de estudios), 2021, págs. 2-13
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Impact of Lockdown due to COVID-19 in Spain and the Dominican Republic: Transcultural Study with Emerging Adults and Adults
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    El confinamiento debido a la Covid-19 ha supuesto un impacto mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar este impacto en adultos emergentes (AE) y población adulta residente en España y República Dominicana (RD). Se utilizó una muestra incidental de 685 personas. Una encuesta ad hoc midió variables sociodemográficas, confianza en el sistema sanitario, miedo a la Covid-19, estrés agudo, rasgo mindful, capacidades, dificultades, y resiliencia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo en estrés agudo, dificultades emocionales y miedo a la Covid-19 (p<.01) mayor en mujeres que en varones. En cuanto al país de residencia, presentaron mayor miedo a la enfermedad y menor confianza en el sistema sanitario público en RD (p<.01). Los adultos presentaron más miedo a la enfermedad (p<.05), mayor rasgo mindful, más conductas prosociales y mayor confianza en el sistema sanitario que los AE (p<.01). Los AE puntuaron mayor estrés agudo y dificultades emocionales (p<.01). Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal, el miedo a la Covid-19 fue el mejor predictor del estrés agudo. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de investigar factores de riesgo y protección en situaciones de pandemia valorando el país de residencia y la edad para elaborar programas de prevención eficaces.

  • English

    Confinement due to COVID-19 has had a worldwide impact. The aim of this study is to analyze psychological variables involved during lockdown of emerging adults (EA) and the adult population, and the differences between Spain and the Dominican Republic (DR). A convenience sample of 685 people was used. An ad hoc online survey measured sociodemographic variables, trust in the healthcare system, fear of COVID-19, acute stress, mindful trait, capabilities, difficulties and resilience. Significant differences by sex were found in acute stress and emotional difficulties and fear of COVID-19 (p<.01) greater in women than in men. Regarding the country of residence, they presented greater fear of disease and less confidence in the public health system in the DR (p<.01). Adults showed more fear of the disease (p <.05), a greater mindful trait and enhenced prosocial behaviors (p<.01). EA scored higher acute stress and emotional difficulties (p<.01). Linear regression analysis was performed, fear of COVID-19 was the best predictor of acute stress. In conclusion, the results suggest the need for more information on differences by both nationality and age in the impact of unique stressors such as COVID-19 in order to create effective prevention programs.

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