Adolescencia y edad adulta emergente frente al COVID-19 en España y República Dominicana

• Autores: Marta Gómez Gómez, Pilar Gómez Mir, Blas Valenzuela
• Localización: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, ISSN-e 2340-8340, Vol. 7, Nº. 3, 2020, págs. 35-41
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La pandemia debida al COVID-19 ha supuesto un gran impacto a nivel mundial. El objetivo general del presente estudio es analizar el impacto psicológico durante el confinamiento en la adolescencia y adultez emergente. La muestra fue de conveniencia (n = 399), residentes en España y República Dominicana (RD). El rango de edad abarca desde los 12 hasta los 29 años (M = 22.57; DT = 3.67). La evaluación se realizó en línea, con los siguientes instrumentos: una encuesta ad hoc para medir las variables sociodemográficas, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (Escala de Miedo al COVID-19), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (Escala del Impacto de Eventos Estresantes Revisada), The Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experience (Inventario breve de afrontamiento) y Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades). Los resultados muestran diferencias según el grupo de edad, sexo y residencia. Los adultos presentaron más miedo al COVID-19 (p < .05) y estrés agudo que los adolescentes (p < .01), las mujeres más miedo y estrés que los hombres (p < .01) y los residentes de RD más miedo a la enfermedad que los de España (p < .01). El análisis de regresión lineal mostró que el miedo a la enfermedad fue un buen predictor del estrés agudo. En conclusión, se sugiere ampliar el estudio en estas poblaciones ante situaciones de estrés, concretamente la derivada del COVID-19, que permitan la prevención de estrés agudo y entrenamiento en estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas frente a situaciones de crisis.

  • English

    Adolescence and emerging adulthood facing COVID-19 in Spain and the Dominican Republic. COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze the psychological impact during confinement on adolescents and emerging adults. The convenience sample is composed by (n = 399) residents of Spain and the Dominican Republic (DR). The age range is 12 to 29 years old (M = 22.57; SD = 3.67). The assessment was conducted online, with the following instruments: an ad hoc survey to measure socio-demographic variables, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, The Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experience and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results show differences by age, sex and residence. Adults reported more fear of COVID-19 (p < .05) and acute stress than adolescents (p < .01), more fear and stress in women than men (p < .01) and more fear to the disease in residents of the DR than in Spain (p < .01). Linear regression analysis showed that fear of COVID-19 was a good predictor of acute stress. In conclusion, it is suggested to expand the study in these populations in situations of stress, specifically the one derived from COVID-19, that allow the prevention of acute stress and training in adaptive coping strategies in the face of crisis situations.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development...
  • Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., Tanhan, A., Buluş, M., & Allen, K. A. (2020). Coronavirus stress, optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility,...
  • Baguena, M.J., Villarroya, E., Beleña, A., Roldan, C., & Reig, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Impact...
  • Barrera-Herrera, A., & Vinet, E. V. (2017). Adultez Emergente y Características culturales de la etapa en Universitarios chilenos. Terapia...
  • Belizaire L. S., & Fuertes J. N. (2011). Attachment, Coping, Acculturative Stress and Quality of Life Among Haitian Immigrants. Journal...
  • Blake, H., Bermingham, F., Johnson, G., & Tabner, A. (2020). Mitigating the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a...
  • Bourdon, K. H., Goodman, R., Rae, D. S., Simpson, G., & Koretz, D. S. (2005). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: US normative...
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). El impacto psicológico de...
  • Cai, H., Tu, B., Ma, J., Chen, L., Fu, L., Jiang, Y., & Zhuang, Q. (2020). Psychological Impact and Coping Strategies of Frontline Medical...
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college...
  • Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: consider the brief Cope. International Journal of Behavioral...
  • Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality...
  • Crockett, L. J., Iturbide, M. I., Torres Stone, R. A., McGinley, M., & Raffaelli, M. (2007). Acculturative stress, social support, and...
  • Danneel, S., Nelemans, S., Spithoven, A., Bastin, M., Bijttebier, P., Colpin, H., … Goossens, L. (2019). Internalizing Problems in Adolescence:...
  • Dolinski, D., Dolinska, B., Zmaczynska-Witek, B., Banach, M., & Kulesza, W. (2020). Unrealistic Optimism in the Time of Coronavirus Pandemic:...
  • Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Miao, J., Yang, X., & Zhu, G. (2020). An investigation of mental health status of children and...
  • Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., & Styra, R. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine,...
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk...
  • Khalid, I., Khalid, T. J., Qabajah, M. R., Barnard, A. G., & Qushmaq, I. A. (2016). Healthcare workers emotions, perceived stressors and...
  • Koenig, H. G., George, L. K., & Siegler, I. C. (1988). The use of religion and other emotion-regulating coping strategies among older...
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
  • Lei, L., Huang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, J., Yang, L., & Xu, M. (2020). Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression...
  • Liang, L., Ren, H., Cao, R., Hu, Y., Qin, Z., Li, C., & Mei, S. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. Psychiatric Quarterly,...
  • Luecken, L. J., & Liu, X. (2011). Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students’ psychological adjustment...
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide...
  • Morales, F. M., & Victoria Trianes, M. (2010). Coping strategies and maladjustment in children and adolescents. European Journal of Education...
  • Morán, C., Landero, R., & González, M. (2010). COPE-28: A Psychometric Analysis of the Spanish Version of the Brief COPE. Universitas...
  • Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delveccio, E., Mazzeschi, C., & Espada, J. P. (2020). Immediate Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Quarantine...
  • Peng, L., Zhang, J., Li, M., Li, P., Zhang, Y., Zuo, X., et al. (2012). Negative life events and mental health of Chinese medical students:...
  • Piqueras, J. A., Gómez-Gómez, M., Marzo, J. C., Gómez-Mir, P., Falco, R., Valenzuela, B., & The PSICO-RECURSOS COVID-19 study group (2020)...
  • Rodríguez-Hernández, P. J., Betancort, M., Ramírez-Santana, G. M., García, R., Sanz-Álvarez, E. J., & De las Cuevas-Castresana, C. (2012)....
  • Rubin, G. J., Potts, H. W. W., & Michie, S. (2010). The impact of communications about swine flu (influenza A H1N1v) on public responses...
  • Schimmenti, A., Billieux, J., & Starcevic, V. (2020). The four horsemen of fear: an integrated model of understanding fear experiences...
  • Seçer, İ., & Ulaş, S. (2020). An Investigation of the Effect of COVID-19 on OCD in Youth in the Context of Emotional Reactivity, Experiential...
  • Taha, S. A., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2014). H1N1 was not all that scary: Uncertainty and stressor appraisals predict anxiety related...
  • Tang, W., Hu, T., Hu, B., Jin, C., Wang, G., Xie, C., & Xu, J. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month...
  • Van Bortel, T., Basnayake, A., Wurie, F., Jambai, M., Koroma, A. S., Muana, A. T., ... & Nellums, L. B. (2016). Psychosocial effects of...
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during...
  • Weiss, D. S. (1996): Impact of Events Scale-Revised. In H. Stamm (Ed.), Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation (pp. 186-188). The Sidran...
  • Wickman, M. E., Anderson, N. L. R., & Greenberg, C. S. (2008). The adolescent perception of invincibility and its influence on teen acceptance...
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus...
  • Zhou, S. J., Zhang, L. G., Wang, L. L., Guo, Z. C., Wang, J. Q., Chen, J. C., & Chen, J. X. (2020). Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates...