Relación entre el maltrato infantil y las habilidades de regulación emocional en adolescentes:: una revisión sistemática

• Carol Palma ^[1] ; Mercè Gimeno-Santos ^[1] ; Cristina Bonet ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat Ramon Llull

     Universitat Ramon Llull

     Barcelona, España

     
• Localización: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, ISSN-e 2340-8340, Vol. 7, Nº. 2, 2020, págs. 63-76
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.21134/rpcna.2020.07.2.8
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 4 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Las habilidades de regulación emocional constituyen un factor transdiagnóstico de psicopatologías y pueden verse especialmente afectadas en individuos con historia de maltrato, y la adolescencia es una etapa crítica para su desarrollo y prevención. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad conceptual y metodológica en la evaluación de las habilidades de regulación emocional y las formas de maltrato dificultan comprender su relación. La presente revisión analizó la relación entre el maltrato infantil y las habilidades de regulación emocional de los adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años a través de los estudios que la exploraron, incidiendo en la relación diferencial entre las distintas tipologías de maltrato (maltrato físico, abuso sexual, maltrato emocional y negligencia) y las habilidades de regulación emocional (regulación o disregulación emocional e inteligencia emocional), así como en el papel que estas últimas ejercen sobre las problemáticas asociadas al maltrato. Se realizaron búsquedas en PsycINFO, MedLine y PsicoDoc. De los 191 estudios encontrados, 28 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se hallaron relaciones significativas y consistentes entre las medidas globales de maltrato y de disregulación emocional. Sin embargo, cuando se analizan tipos de maltrato o estrategias específicas, los resultados son dispares.

    Asimismo, las habilidades de regulación emocional influyen en la aparición de problemáticas asociadas al maltrato, siendo la sintomatología internalizada y las autolesiones las más exploradas. La heterogeneidad conceptual y metodológica de los estudios revisados dificultó la extracción de conclusiones sólidas respecto a las tendencias identificadas, por lo que se debe continuar explorando en esta relación.

  • English

    Relationship between child maltreatment and emotional regulation skills in adolescents: A systematic review. Emotion regulation skills are a robust transdiagnostic factor of psychopathologies and can be especially affected in individuals with a history of maltreatment, and adolescence is a critical period for their development and prevention. However, conceptual and methodological heterogeneity in evaluating emotion regulation skills and different forms of maltreatment make it difficult to understand their relationship. This review delved into the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the emotional skills of adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age through the studies that examining it, focusing on unique relationships between the different types of maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect) and emotion regulation skills (emotion regulation or dysregulation and emotional intelligence), as well as the role of the latter on maltreatment-related outcomes. Searches were carried out in the PsycINFO, MedLine and PsicoDoc databases. Of the 191 studies found, 28 met the inclusion criteria. The studies reviewed revealed significant and consistent relationships between global measures of child maltreatment and emotion dysregulation in adolescents. However, when specific types of maltreatment or strategies were analyzed, results are disparate. Moreover, emotion regulation skills influence the appearance of problems associated with maltreatment, with internalized symptoms and self-harm being the most explored. The conceptual and methodological heterogeneity of the studies reviewed made it difficult to draw robust conclusions regarding the trends identified, hence the need to continue to explore this relationship

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