Differences between individualist and collectivist cultures in emotional Facebook usage: relationship with empathy, self-esteem, and narcissism

• José Manuel Errasti ^[1] ; Isaac Amigo Vázquez ^[1] ; Manuel Villadangos ^[1] ; Joaquín Morís ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Oviedo

     Universidad de Oviedo

     Oviedo, España

     
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 30, Nº. 4, 2018, págs. 376-381
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2018.101
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Diferencias entre culturas individualistas y colectivas en el uso emocional de Facebook: relación con la empatía, la autoestima y el narcisismo
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 5 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Antecedentes: los adolescentes son el grupo de población que más usan las redes sociales de forma emocional para expresar sus emociones y para empatizar con las emociones de otros. Mientras que factores de personalidad como empatía, autoestima y narcisismo parecen desempeñar un papel importante en este uso, la contribución de las variables culturales no ha sido examinada. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar variaciones interculturales en el uso de Facebook, y su relación con la empatía, autoestima y narcisismo. Método: usando una muestra de 479 adolescentes españoles (220 mujeres) y 405 adolescentes tailandeses (224 mujeres), se aplicó el Cuestionario de Uso de Facebook y se midieron los rasgos de empatía, autoestima y narcisismo. Resultados: los resultados sugieren variaciones entre las muestras españolas y tailandesas a nivel intra e intercultural. La muestra tailandesa puntuó más alto en Empatía Afectiva, pero más bajo en Empatía Cognitiva, y usó más Facebook expresando emociones y empatía. También se obtuvieron resultados relacionados con la interacción entre sexo y país. Conclusiones: se discuten estos resultados en relación con los criterios de Hofstede acerca de las diferencias entre las sociedades occidentales y orientales. Se destaca la necesidad de estudios longitudinales.

  • English

    Background: Adolescents are one of the groups who most use social networks in an emotional way, to express their own emotions and to empathize with the emotions of others. Although personality factors; namely, empathy, self-esteem, and narcissism appear to play an important role in this usage, the contribution of cultural variables has yet to be examined. The aim of this study is to examine cross-cultural variations in Facebook usage and the relationship of those variations with empathy, self-esteem and narcissistic personality factors. Method: Using a sample of 479 Spanish adolescents (220 females) and 405 Thai adolescents (224 females), the Use of Facebook Questionnaire was applied, and empathy, self-esteem and narcissism personality traits were measured. Results: Findings suggested variations between Thai and Spanish samples at the intra- and inter-cultural level. The Thai sample had higher scores in Affective Empathy but lower scores in Cognitive Empathy, used Facebook more, and engaged in more emotional and empathic expression when using Facebook. Also, results also show interesting differences related with the interaction between gender and country. Conclusions: We discuss the results in relation to Hofstede’s criteria about the differences between Eastern and Western societies. We highlight the need for longitudinal studies about this topic.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Blachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., & Rudnicka, P. (2016). Narcissism and selfesteem as predictors of dimensions of Facebook use. Personality...
  • Bleidorn, W., Arslan, R., Denissen, J., Rentfrow, P., Gebauer, J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. (2015). Age and gender differences in self-esteem:...
  • Brailovskaia, J., & Bierhoff, H. (2016). Cross-cultural narcissism on Facebook: Relationship between selfpresentation, social interaction...
  • Byrne, B. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2017). The maximum likelihood alignment approach to testing for approximate measurement invariance:...
  • Carpenter, C. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and antisocial behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 482-486....
  • Carrier, L., Spradlin, A., Brunce, J., & Rosen, L. (2015). Virtual empathy: Positive and negative impacts of going online upon empathy...
  • Cassels, T., Chan, S., Chung, W., & Birch, S. (2010). The role of culture in affective empathy: Cultural and bicultural differences. Journal...
  • Cho, S., & Park, H. (2013). A qualitative analysis of cross-cultural new media research: SNS use in Asia and the West. Qual Quant, 47(4),...
  • Errasti, J., Amigo, I., & Villadangos, M. (2017). Emotional uses of Facebook and Twitter: Its relation with empathy, narcissism and selfesteem...
  • Gómez-Benito, J., Balluerka, N., González, A., Widaman, K. F., & Padilla, J. L. (2017). Detecting differential item functioning in behavioral...
  • Grijalva, E., Newman, D., Tay, L., Donnellan, M., Harms, P., Robins, R., & Yan, T. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic...
  • Helms, J. (2015). An examination of the evidence in culturally adapted evidence-based or empirically supported interventions. Transcultural...
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Joinson, A. (2008). ‘Looking at’, ‘Looking up’ or ‘Keeping up with’ people? Motives and uses of Facebook. Proceedings of the 26th Annual SIGCHI
  • Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI’08 (pp. 1027-1036). New York: ACM. doi: 10.1145/1357054.1357213
  • Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. (2006). Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 589-611....
  • Kang, S., Shaver, P., Sue, S., Min, K., & Jing, H. (2003). Culture-specific patterns in the prediction of life satisfaction: Roles of...
  • Konrath, S. (2013). The empathy paradox. En R. Luppicini (Ed.), Handbook of research on technoself (pp. 204-228). Hershey, PA: IGI Global....
  • Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J., Navarro, J., & Grijalvo, F. (2007). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and validation in university...
  • Muñiz, J., Elosúa, P., & Hambleton, R. (2013). International Test Commission Guidelines for test translation and adapting tests. Psicothema,...
  • Nisbett, R., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological...
  • Na, J., Kosinski, M., & Stillwell, D. (2015). When a new tool is introduced in different cultural contexts: Individualism-Collectivism...
  • Obal, M., & Kunz, W. (2016). Cross-cultural differences in uses of online experts. Journal of Business Research, 69(3), 1148-1156. doi:...
  • Quirós-Ramírez, M., & Onisawa, T. (2015). Considering cross-cultural context in the automatic recognition of emotions. International Journal...
  • Raskin, R., & Hall, C. (1981). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Alternative form reliability and further evidence of construct...
  • Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image. Revised edition. Middletown, C.T., England: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Rui, J., & Stefanone, M. (2013). Strategic self-presentation online: A cross-cultural study. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 110-118....
  • Schmitt, D., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: Exploring the universal...
  • Spencer-Rodgers, J., Williams, M., & Peng, K. (2010). Cultural differences in expectations of change and tolerance for contradiction:...
  • Toussaint, L., & Webb, J. (2005). Gender differences in the relationship between empathy and forgiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology,...
  • Villadangos, M., Errasti, J., Amigo, I., Jolliffe, D., & García-Cueto, E. (2016). Characteristics of Empathy in young people measured...