El rol de las funciones ejecutivas en la relación entre el nivel socioeconómico y el desarrollo de habilidades lectoras y matemáticas

• Autores: José Pablo Escobar, Ricardo Rosas, Francisco Ceric, Andrés-David Aparicio Alonso, Paulina Sofía Arango Uribe, Rodrigo Arroyo, Victoria Espinoza, Marion Garolera, Marcelo Pizarro, Felipe Porflitt, María Paz Ramírez, Diego Urzúa
• Localización: Culture and Education, Cultura y Educación, ISSN-e 1578-4118, ISSN 1135-6405, Vol. 30, Nº 2, 2018, págs. 368-392
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1080/11356405.2018.1462903
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The role of executive functions in the relation between socioeconomic level and the development of reading and maths skills
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• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) son un conjunto de procesos que permiten la planificación, la monitorización y la organización de tareas jugando un importante rol para el desarrollo lector y matemático. Factores ambientales como el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) influyen en el desarrollo lector y matemático así como también en las FE. Este trabajo pretende evaluar si las funciones ejecutivas juegan un rol mediador entre el NSE y el desempeño lector y matemático. Para ello fueron evaluados 286 estudiantes chilenos de primero básico: 86 de NSE alto y 200 de NSE bajo. Los resultados muestran que el grupo de NSE alto consistentemente obtuvo mayores puntajes que sus pares de NSE bajo tanto en las tareas lectoras y matemáticas como también en las medidas de FE, lo que sugiere que el NSE podría influir en el desarrollo de estas variables. Así también, se encontró que las FE, a través de la inhibición, median parcialmente la relación entre el NSE y las habilidades lectoras y matemáticas en escolares de primero básico. Los resultados se discuten a la luz del efecto el NSE en el desarrollo de las FE y de aprendizajes escolares.

  • English

    Executive functions (EF) are a set of processes that allow individuals to plan, monitor and organize tasks and thus play a key role in the development of reading and maths skills. Environmental factors such as socioeconomic level (SEL) influence reading and maths skills as well as EFs. The aim of this study is to explore the extent to which executive functions play a mediating role between SEL and reading and maths performance. To this end, we assessed 286 Chilean primary education students: 86 with a high SEL and 200 with a low level. The results show that the high-SEL group obtained consistently higher scores than their peers with low SEL levels in both reading and maths tasks as well as in EF measurements. This suggests that SEL could influence the development of these variables. The results also showed that EFs partially mediate the relation between SEL and reading and maths skills in primary school students through the specific function of inhibition. The results are discussed in light of the effect of SEL on the development of EFs and school learning.

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