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Esta investigación examina los efectos del cyberbullying con una metodología mixta que combinó entrevistas, grupos focales y una encuesta a más de 7,000 escolares. Siguiendo una codificación axial, en la etapa inductiva se analizaron 153 conceptos relacionados a conflictos, los que se dividieron en tres unidades temáticas capaces de explicar el mayor impacto del cyberbullying: (1) distancia social; (2) exposición de intimidad; (3) alcance del material. La encuesta concluyó que: (1) tanto las víctimas de bullying como de cyberbullying presentaron mayores niveles de soledad y un menor nivel de bienestar social que los estudiantes no molestados, y los que fueron molestados en ambos canales presentaron niveles mayores de soledad y menores de bienestar social que solo en uno de ellos; (2) las víctimas de cyberbullying mostraron niveles menores de bienestar individual al compararse con los que nunca fueron molestados, como con aquellos que sufrieron bullying presencial. Esta diferencia se explicó según testimonios que indicaron que el cyberbullying se relaciona con material íntimo, lo que impactaría negativamente la percepción de su propia imagen.
This paper examines the effects of cyberbullying using a mixed method approach, by combining interviews, focus groups and a survey of 7,000 students. In the inductive stage, and following an axial coding analysis, we identified 153 concepts related to conflicts, which were divided into three thematic units to explain the greater impact of cyberbullying: (1) social distance; (2) privacy exposure; and (3) range of the material. The survey concluded that: (1) the victims of bullying and cyberbullying present higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of social well-being compared to nonbullied students, and those who were bullied in both channels presented higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of social well-being than those who were bullied in only one of them; (2) the victims of cyberbullying showed lower levels of individual well-being compared with those who had never been bullied, as with those who suffered face-to-face bullying. This difference was explained by testimonies indicating that most of the cyberbullying was related to intimate content, which has a higher impact on image perception.
