Reacciones sociales ante la revelación de abuso sexual infantil y malestar psicológico en mujeres víctimas

• Noemí Pereda ^[1] ; Laura Sicilia ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat de Barcelona

     Universitat de Barcelona

     Barcelona, España

     
• Localización: Psychosocial Intervention, ISSN 1132-0559, Vol. 26, Nº. 3, 2017, págs. 131-138
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psi.2017.02.002
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Social reactions to child sex abuse revelation and psychological distress in female victims
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1    2 (pdf) 
• Dialnet Métricas: 15 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la relevancia de las reacciones sociales ante la revelación de abuso sexual infantil en el bienestar psicológico de 12 mujeres (M = 37 anos; ˜ DT = 10.51), usuarias de un centro espanol ˜ de atención a víctimas. Los resultados muestran relaciones significativas entre las escalas de reacciones sociales relativas a egocentrismo, ayuda e información, distracción, control, tratar diferente y apoyo emocional y la mayoría de síntomas psicopatológicos. Algunas de estas reacciones son confusas, ambivalentes, puesto que son entendidas como bienintencionadas tanto por la persona de apoyo como por la víctima, si bien tienen una importante relación con la presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos. Se subraya la necesidad de continuar con la investigación sobre la influencia de las reacciones sociales en el ajuste psicosocial de las víctimas de experiencias abusivas y de abordar la problemática del abuso sexual infantil desde la prevención y la educación a las familias.

  • English

    The aim of this study is to demonstrate the impact of social reactions to child sexual abuse revelation on the psychological wellbeing of 12 women (M = 37 years; SD = 10.51), attendees of a Spanish victim support centre. The results demonstrate a significant association between the scales of social reaction relative to egocentrism, help and information, distraction, control, treating differently and emotional support, and most psychopathological symptoms. Some of these reactions are confused and ambivalent since they are perceived as well-intentioned by support workers and victims alike, yet are majorly associated with the presence of psychopathological symptoms. This underlines the need to continue research on the influence of social reactions on the psychosocial adjustment of abuse victims and to address the problem of the sexual abuse of children through prevention and education of the family.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ahrens, C., Stansell, J., Jennings, A., To tell or not to tell: The impact of disclosure on sexual assault survivors’ recovery (2010) Violence...
  • Alaggia, R., Many ways of telling: Expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosure (2004) Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, pp....
  • Amado, B.G., Arce, R., Herraiz, A., Daño psicológico en víctimas de abuso sexual infantil: una revisión meta-analítica (2015) Psychosocial...
  • Aragón Ramírez, N., Bragado Álvarez, M.C., Carrasco Galán, I., Fiabilidad y estructura factorial del “Inventario Breve de Síntomas” (Brief...
  • Buckingham, E.T., Daniolos, P.C., Longitudinal outcomes for victims of child abuse (2013) Current Psychiatry Reports, 15, p. 342
  • Chen, L.P., Murad, M.H., Paras, M.L., Colbenson, K.M., Sattler, A.L., Goranson, E.N., Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders:...
  • Cohen, J.A., Mannarino, A.P., Predictors of treatment outcome in sexually abused children (2000) Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, pp. 983-994
  • Derogatis, L.R., Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring and procedures manual (1993), 4th ed. NCS, Pearson, Inc Minneapolis, MN
  • Derogatis, L.R., Melisaratos, N., The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report (1983) Psychological Medicine, 13, pp. 595-605
  • Draucker, C.B., Martsolf, D.M., Roller, C., Knapik, G., Ross, R., Warner, A., Healing from childhood sexual abuse: A theoretical model (2011)...
  • Dube, S., Anda, R., Whitfield, C., Brown, D.W., Felitti, V.J., Dong, M., Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim...
  • Elliott, A.N., Carnes, C.N., Reactions of nonoffending parents to the sexual abuse of their child: A review of the literature (2001) Child...
  • Feiring, C., Taska, L.S., Lewis, M., Social support and children's and adolescents’ adaptation to sexual abuse (1998) Journal of Interpersonal...
  • Finkelhor, D., Browne, A., The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: A conceptualization (1985) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66,...
  • Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, T., Sexual abuse in the national incidence study of child abuse and neglect: An appraisal (1984) Child Abuse &...
  • Godbout, N., Briere, J., Sabourin, S., Lussier, Y., Child sexual abuse and subsequent relational and personal functioning: The role of parental...
  • Gries, L.T., Goh, D.S., Andrews, M.B., Gilbert, J., Praver, F., Stelzer, D.N., Positive reaction to disclosure and recovery from child sexual...
  • Hillberg, T., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Dixon, L., Review of meta-analyses on the association between child sexual abuse and adult mental...
  • Kendall-Tackett, K.A., The health effects of childhood abuse: Four pathways by which abuse can influence health (2002) Child Abuse & Neglect,...
  • Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S., Stress, appraisal and coping (1984), Springer Publishing Company New York
  • Lindert, J., von Ehrenstein, O.S., Grashow, R., Gal, G., Braehler, E., Weisskopf, M.G., Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated...
  • López, F., Los abusos sexuales de menores. Lo que recuerdan los adultos (1994), Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales Madrid
  • Luthar, S.S., Cicchetti, D., Becker, B., The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work (2000) Child Development,...
  • Maniglio, R., The impact of child sexual abuse on health: A systematic review of reviews (2009) Clinical Psychology Review, 29, pp. 647-657
  • Maniglio, R., Child sexual abuse in the etiology of depression: A systematic review of reviews (2010) Depression and Anxiety, 27, pp. 631-642
  • Maniglio, R., The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (2011) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,...
  • Mayring, P., Qualitative content analysis: Theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution (2014), Klagenfurt Austria
  • Mendelsohn, M., Sewell, K.W., Social attitudes toward traumatized men and women: A vignette study (2004) Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17,...
  • Moran-Ellis, J., Alexander, V.D., Cronin, A., Dickinson, M., Fielding, J., Sleney, J., Triangulation and integration: Processes, claims and...
  • Morgan, D.L., Paradigms lost and pragmatism regained. Methodological implications of combining qualitative and quantitative methods (2007)...
  • Neumann, D.A., Houskamp, B.M., Pollock, V.E., Briere, J., The long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse in women: A meta-analytic review...
  • Paolucci, E., Genuis, M., Violato, C., A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse (2001) Journal of Psychology,...
  • Pereda, N., La importancia del apoyo social en la intervención con víctimas de abuso sexual infantil: una revisión teórica (2011) Revista...
  • Pereda, N., Abad, J., Guilera, G., Lifetime prevalence and characteristics of child sexual victimization in a community sample of Spanish...
  • Pereda, N., Forns, M., Peró, M., Dimensional structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory with Spanish college students (2007) Psicothema, 19,...
  • Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., Gómez-Benito, J., The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis...
  • Porter, C.A., Long, P.J., Locus of control and adjustment in female adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (1999) Journal of Child Sexual...
  • Roesler, T.A., Reactions to disclosure of childhood sexual abuse. The effect on adult symptoms (1994) The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,...
  • Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms (1990) Risk and protective factors in development of psychopathology, pp. 179-304....
  • Smyth, J.M., Pennebaker, J.W., Arigo, D., What are the health effects of disclosure? (2012) Handbook of health psychology, pp. 175-191. ,...
  • Spaccarelli, S., Fuchs, C., Variability in symptom expression among sexually abused girls: Developing multivariate models (1997) Journal of...
  • Spataro, J.E., Mullen, P.E., Burgess, P.M., Wells, D.L., Moos, S.A., Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health. Prospective study in males...
  • Stroud, D.D., Familial support as perceived by adult victims of childhood sexual abuse (1999) Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,...
  • Tyler, K.A., Social and emotional outcomes of childhood sexual abuse. A review of recent research (2002) Aggression and Violent Behavior,...
  • Ullman, S.E., Attributions, world assumptions, and recovery from sexual assault (1997) Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 6, pp. 1-19
  • Ullman, S.E., Social support and recovery from sexual assault: A review (1999) Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4, pp. 343-358
  • Ullman, S.E., Psychometric characteristics of the Social Reaction Questionnaire (2000) Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, pp. 257-271
  • Ullman, S.E., Social reactions to child sexual abuse disclosures: A critical review (2002) Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 12, pp. 89-121
  • Ullman, S.E., Structural models of the relations of assault severity, social support, avoidance coping, self-blame, and PTSD among sexual...
  • Ullman, S.E., Talking about sexual assault: Society's responses to survivors (2010), American Psychological Association Washington, DC
  • Ullman, S.E., Filipas, H.H., Gender differences in social reactions to abuse disclosures, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of child sexual abuse...
  • Van Toledo, A., Seymour, F., Interventions for caregivers of children who disclose sexual abuse: A review (2013) Clinical Psychology Review,...
  • Wolfe, D.A., Jaffe, P.G., Jetté, J.L., Poisson, S., The impact of child abuse in community institutions and organizations: Advancing professional...