Evaluación de actitudes de los profesionales hacia las personas con discapacidad

• ARIAS GONZÁLEZ, Víctor ^[3] ; ARIAS MARTÍNEZ, Benito ^[2] ; VERDUGO ALONSO, Miguel Ángel ^[1] ; RUBIA AVI, Mariano ^[2] ; JENARO RÍO, Cristina ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Salamanca

     Universidad de Salamanca

     Salamanca, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad de Valladolid

     Universidad de Valladolid

     Valladolid, España

     
  3. [3] Universidad de Talca

     Universidad de Talca

     Provincia de Talca, Chile

     

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, ISSN 2530-0350, Vol. 47, Nº 2, 2016, págs. 7-41
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.14201/scero2016472741
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Assessment of Staff Attitudes towards People with Disability
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1    2    3    4  
• Dialnet Métricas: 20 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El propósito principal de este estudio ha sido la construcción y validación de una escala de actitudes hacia las personas con discapacidad, dirigida preferentemente a profesionales de las áreas de la salud y la educación. Han participado 976 profesionales de diferentes ámbitos (sanidad, educación, orientación laboral, medios de comunicación, administración), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 65 años. El 49.1% fueron mujeres. Se han realizado análisis de concordancia entre jueces expertos para valorar el contenido de los ítems, y se han sometido los datos a tres clases de análisis: comparación de estructuras de correlación, análisis factorial exploratorio con método de factor común y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se han comparado dos modelos: unifactorial y de tres factores correlacionados. Los resultados han evidenciado buenas cualidades métricas de fiabilidad (consistencia interna, fiabilidad de los indicadores individuales, fiabilidad de constructo y error típico de medida) y de validez (de contenido, convergente y discriminante).

  • English

    The main purpose of this study was the construction and validation of a scale of attitudes towards people with disabilities, mainly directed at professionals in the areas of health and education. Participants were 976 professionals from different fields (health, education, career counseling, media, administration), with an age range between 18 and 65 years. 49.1% were women. After analyzing agreement between expert judges to evaluate the content of the items, three types of analysis were performed: comparison of correlation structures, exploratory factor analysis by common factor method, and confirmatory factor analysis on polichoric correlations matrix. Two models were compared: Unidimensional and three-correlated factors. Results have shown good metric qualities of reliability (internal consistency, reliability of individual indicators, construct reliability and standard error of measurement) and validity (content, convergent and discriminant).

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • AKRAMI, N., EKEHAMMER, B., CLAESSON, M. Y SONNANDER, K. (2006). Classical and modern prejudice: Attitudes toward people with intellectual...
  • ALI, A., STRYDOM, A., HASSIOTIS, A., WILLIAMS, R. Y KING, M. (2008). A measure of perceived stigma in people with intellectual disability....
  • American Educational Research Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA) y National council on Measurement in Education...
  • ANTONAK, R. F. (1979). An orderic-theoretic analysis of attitudes toward disabled persons. Rehabilitation Psychology, 26, 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0090918
  • ANTONAK, R. F. (1981). Development and psychometric analysis of the Scale of Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons (Technical Report n. º 1)....
  • ANTONAK, R. F. (1985). Construct validation of the Scale of Attitudes toward Disabled Persons. The Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling,...
  • ANTONAK, R. F. Y LIVNEH, H. (1994). Direct and indirect methods to measure attitudes toward persons with disabilities, with an exegesis of...
  • https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.40.1.3
  • ANTONAK, R. F. Y LIVNEH, H. (2000). Measurement of attitudes towards persons with disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation: An International...
  • ANTONAK, R. F. Y RANKIN, P. R. (1982). Measurement and analysis of knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy and persons with epilepsy. Social...
  • ARIAS, B. (1993). Evaluación de actitudes hacia la integración de alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales (Tesis doctoral no publicada)....
  • ARIAS, B. Y MORENTIN, R. (2004). Opiniones y actitudes de las familias de personas con discapacidad en Castilla y León. Valladolid: Junta...
  • ARIAS, B., VERDUGO, M. Á. Y RUBIO, V. J. (1995). Evaluación de la Actividad Modelo Local de Valladolid. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación y...
  • ASPAROUHOV, T. Y MUTHÉN, B. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 397-438. doi:10.1080/10705510903008204.
  • BAGLEY, M. T. Y GREENE, J. F. (1981). Peer attitudes toward the handicapped. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
  • BAILEY, A., BARR, O. Y BUNTING, B. (2001). Police attitudes toward people with intellectual disability: An evaluation of awareness training....
  • BANGDIWALA, K. (1987). Using SAS software graphical procedures for the observer agreement chart. Proceedings of the SAS User’s Group International...
  • BARTLETT, C. J., QUAY, L. C. Y WRIGHTSMAN, L. S. (1960). A comparison of two methods of attitude measurement: Likert-type and forced choice....
  • BEAUDUCEL, A. Y HERZBERG, P. Y. (2006). On the performance of maximum likelihood versus means and variance adjusted weighted least squares...
  • BERRYMAN, J. D. Y NEAL, W. R. (1980). The cross validation of the Attitudes Toward Mainstreaming Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement,...
  • BIGBY, C., CLEMENT, T., MANSELL, J. Y BEADLE-BROWN, J. (2009). ‘It’s pretty hard with our ones, they can’t talk, the more able bodied can...
  • BOHNER, G. Y WÄNKE, M. (2014). Attitudes and Attitude Change. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
  • BRECKLER, S. J. Y WIGGINS, E. C. (1992). On defining attitude and attitude theory: Once more with feeling. En A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler...
  • BROWNE, M. W. Y CUDECK, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21, 230-258. doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005.
  • BRUNNER, M., NAGY, G. Y WILHELM, O. (2012). A tutorial on hierarchically structured constructs. Journal of Personality, 80 (4), 796-846. doi:10.1080/10107013051070418.
  • CAMPBELL, J. M. (2008). Brief report: reliability and validity of the Shared Activities Questionnaire as a measure of middle school students’...
  • CANIMAS, J. (2015). ¿Discapacidad o diversidad funcional? Siglo Cero, 46 (2), 79-97. http:// dx.doi.org/10.14201/scero20154627997.
  • CHADD, E. H. Y PANGILINAN, P. H. (2011). Disability attitudes in health care: a new scale instrument. American Journal of Physical Medicine...
  • CHEN, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indices to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464-504. doi:10.1080/10705510701301834.
  • CHEUNG, G. W. y RENSVOLD, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling,...
  • CLAYFIELD, J. C., FLETCHER, K. E. y GRUDZINKAS, A. J. (2011). Development and validation of the mental health attitude survey for police....
  • https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-011-9384-y
  • COHEN, J. S. Y STRUENING, E. L. (1959). Factors underlying opinions about mental illness in the personnel of a large mental hospital. American...
  • COHEN, J. S. Y STRUENING, E. L. (1960). Attitudes toward the mental ill of psychiatric hospital personnel as a function of occupation, education,...
  • COOPER, A., ROSE, J. Y MASON, O. (2004). Measuring the attitudes of human service professionals toward deafness. American Annals of Deafness,...
  • COWEN, E. L., BOBROVE, P. H., ROCKWAY, A. M. Y STEVENSON, J. (1967). Development and evaluation of an attitude to deafness scale. Journal...
  • https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024552
  • COWEN, E. L., UNDERBERG, R. P. Y VERILLO, R. T. (1958). The development and testing of an attitude to blindness scale. The Journal of Social...
  • EAGLY, A. Y CHAIKEN, S. (1995). Attitude strength, attitude structure and resistance to change. En R. PETTY AND J. KOSNIK (Eds.), Attitude...
  • EFRON, R. E. Y EFRON, H. Y. (1967). Measurement of attitudes toward the retarded and an application with educators. American Journal of Mental...
  • ESPOSITO, B. G. Y PEACH, W. J. (1983). Changing attitudes of preschool children toward handicapped persons. Exceptional Children, 49 (4),...
  • FELLINGHAUER, B., ROTH, A., BUGARI, K. Y REINHARDT, J. (2011). Construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the...
  • FIEDLER, C. Y SIMPSON, R. (1987). Modifyint the attitudes of non-handicapped high school students toward handicapped peers. Exceptional Children,...
  • FINDLER, L., VILCHINSKY, N. Y WERNER, S. (2007). The multidimensional attitudes scale toward persons with disabilities (MAS): construction...
  • FORGAS, J. P., COOPER, J. Y CRANO, W. D. (2010). The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change. New York: Psychology Press.
  • FORNELL, C. Y LARCKER, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing...
  • GADERMANN, A. M., GUHN, M. Y ZUMBO, B. D. (2012). Estimating ordinal reliability for Likerttype and ordinal item response data: A conceptual,...
  • GAN, J., TYMCHUK, A. J. y NISHIHARA, A. (1977). Mildly retarded adults: their attitudes toward retardation. Mental Retardation, 15, 5-9.
  • GILBERT, D. C. Y LEVINSON, D. J. (1956). Ideology, personality, and institutional policy in the mental hospital. The Journal of Abnormal and...
  • https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041987
  • GRAHAM, S., HERBERT, R., PRICE, S. Y WILLIAMS, S. (2004). Attitudes and emotions of trainees in learning disability psychiatry. Psychiatric...
  • GRAND, S. A., BERNIER, J. E. Y STROHMER, D. C. (1982). Attitudes toward disabled persons as a function of social context and specific disability....
  • GROOMES, D. Y LINKOWSKI, D. (2007). Examining the structure of the revised acceptance disability scale. Journal of Rehabilitation, 73 (3),...
  • HAIR, J. F., BLACK, W. C., BABIN, B. J. Y ANDERSON, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • HAMPTON, N. Y XIAO, F. (2007). Attitudes toward people with developmental disabilities in Chinese and American students: The role of cultural...
  • HAMPTON, N. Y XIAO, F. (2008). Psychometric properties of the mental retardation attitude Inventory-revised in Chinese college students. Journal...
  • HARTH, R. (1974). Attitudes and mental retardation. A review of literature. Training School Bulletin, 69, 150-164.
  • HATTON, C., AKRAM, Y., ROBERTSON, J., SHAH, R. Y EMERSON, E. (2003). The disclosure process and its impact on South Asian families with a...
  • HENRY, D., KEYS, C., JOPP, F. Y BALCAZAR, F. (1996). The Community Living Attitudes Scale, mental retardation form: development and psychometric...
  • HORNE, M. D. (1985). Attitudes toward handicapped students: Professional, peer, and parent reactions. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • HU, L. y BENTLER, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives....
  • JENNRICH, R. I. Y BENTLER, P. M. (2011). Exploratory bi-factor analysis. Psychometrika, 76, 537-549. doi:10.1007/s11336-011-9218-4.
  • JENNRICH, R. I. Y BENTLER, P. M. (2012). Exploratory bi-factor analysis: The oblique case. Psychometrika, 77, 442-454. doi:10.1007/s11336-012-9269-1.
  • JÖRESKOG, K. G. Y SÖRBOM, D. (1993). Lisrel user’s reference guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • KASSAM, A., GLOZIER, N., LEESE, M., HENDERSON, C. Y THOMICROFT, G. (2010). Development and responsiveness of a scale to measure clinicians’...
  • KIERTSCH, M. S., HANSON, P. L. Y DUHOUX, M. A. (1980). Preparing the mainstream: Changing children’s attitudes toward the disabled. School...
  • LANGEVIN, M. Y HAGLER, P. (2004). Development of a scale to measure peer attitudes toward children who stutter. En A. Bothe (Ed.), Evidence-based...
  • LARRIVEE, B. Y COOK, L. (1979). Mainstreaming: A study of the variables affecting teacher attitudes. Journal of Special Education, 13 (3),...
  • LAZAR, A. L., GENSLEY, J. T. Y ORPET, R. E. (1971). Changing attitudes of young gifted children toward handicapped persons. Exceptional Children,...
  • LIDSLEY, J. D. Y FRITH, G. H. (1983). The effects of nonhandicapped students’ personal characteristics on their attitude toward handicapped...
  • LIVNEH, H. (1985). Factor structure of attitudes toward individuals with disabilities: A replication. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,...
  • LOMBARDI, A. R. Y MURRAY, C. (2011). Measuring university faculty attitudes toward disability: Willingness to accommodate and adopt Universal...
  • MARSH, V. Y FRIEDMAN, R. (1972). Changing public attitudes toward blindness. Exceptional Children, 38, 426-428.
  • MCDONALD, R. P. (2013). Test theory: A unified treatment. New York: Psychology Press.
  • MILLER, M., ARMSTRONG, S. Y HAGAN, M. (1981). Effects on teaching on elementary students’ attitudes toward handicapped. Education and Training...
  • Morin, D., Crocker, G., Beaulieu-Bergeron, R. Y Caron, J. (2013). Validation of the attitudes toward intellectual disability e ATTID questionnaire....
  • NUNNALLY, J. C. (1961). Popular conceptions of mental health: their development and change. New York: Hol, Rinehart and Winston.
  • OSTAPCZUK, M. Y MUSCH, J. (2011). Estimating the prevalence of negative attitudes towards people with disability: A comparison of direct questioning,...
  • PARISH, T. S. Y COPELAND, T. F. (1978). Teachers’ and students’ attitudes in mainstreamed classrooms. Psychological Reports, 43 (1), 54.
  • POPOVICH, P. M., SCHERBAUM, C. A., SCHERBAUM, K. L. Y POLINKO, N. (2003). The assessment of attitudes toward individuals with disabilities...
  • POWER, M. J., GREEN, A. M., CATCHPOLE, C. ET AL. (2010). The Attitudes to Disability Scale (ADS): development and psychometric properties....
  • Pruett, S. y chAn, F. (2006). Development and psychometric validation of the disability attitude implicit association test. Rehabilitation...
  • R CORE TEAM (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL:...
  • REISE, S. P. (2012). The rediscovery of bifactor measurement models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47 (5), 667-696. doi:10.1080/00273171.2012.715555.
  • REISE, S. P., SCHEINES, R., WIDAMAN, K. Y HAVILAND, M. (2013). Multidimensionality and structural coefficient bias in structural equation...
  • RELLO, C. F., GAROZ, I. Y DÍAZ, M. (2014). Determinantes de las técnicas de cambio de actitudes hacia la discapacidad en programas educativos:...
  • REYNOLDS, W. M. Y GRECO, V. T. (1980). The reliability and factorial validity of a scale for measuring teachers’ attitudes toward mainstreaming....
  • ROSENBAUM, P., ARMSTRONG, R. Y KING, S. (1985). Children’s attitudes toward disabled peers: a self-report measure. Journal of Pediatric Psychology,...
  • RUCKER, C. Y GABLE, R. (1974). The Rucker-Gable Educational Programming Scale. Storrs, CT: Rucker-Gable Associates.
  • Saunders, G. H., Cienkowski, K. M., Forsline, A. Y Fausti, S. (2005). Normative data for the attitudes towards loss of hearing questionnaire....
  • SCHMELKIN, L. P. (1981). Teachers’ and non-teachers’ attitudes toward mainstreaming. Exceptional Children, 48, 42-47.
  • SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE INTERNATIONAL (2013). LISREL (Version 9.3) [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • SCIOR, K. (2011). Public awareness, attitudes and beliefs regarding intellectual disability: A systematic review. Research in Developmental...
  • SCIOR, K. Y FURNHAM, A. (2011). Development and validation of the Intellectual Disability Literacy Scale for assessment of knowledge, beliefs...
  • SCIOR, K. Y WERNER, S. (2015). Changing attitudes to learning disability: A review of the evidence. Jerusalem: Mencap.
  • SEO, H., LITTLE, T. D., SHOGREN, K. A. Y LANG, K. M. (in press). On the benefits of latent variable modeling for norming scales: The case...
  • SILLER, J., FERGUSON, L. T., VANN, D. H. Y HOLLAND, B. (1967). Structure of attitudes toward the physically disabled: The Disability Factor...
  • SYMONS, A. B., FISH, R., MCGUIGAN, D., FOX, J. Y AKL, E. A. (2012). Development of an instrument to measure medical students’ attitudes toward...
  • TACHIBANA, T. Y WATANABE, K. (2003). Schemata and attitude toward persons with intellectual disability in Japan. Psychological Reports, 93,...
  • TACHIBANA, T. Y WATANABE, K. (2004). Attitudes of Japanese adults toward persons with intellectual disability: Relationship between attitudes...
  • TAYLOR, R. L. (2008). Assessment of exceptional students: Educational and psychological procedures (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
  • TAYLOR, S. Y DEAR, M. (1981). Scaling community attitudes toward the mentally ill. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7 (2), 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/7.2.225
  • THOMAS, A., PALMER, J., COKER-JUNEAU, C. Y WILLIAMS, D. (2002). Factor structure and construct validity of the interaction with disabled persons...
  • TIMMERMAN, M. E. Y LORENZO-SEVA, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods,...
  • TOWFIGHY-HOSHYAR, N. Y ZINGLE, H. W. (1984). Regular class students’ attitudes toward integrated multiply handicapped peers. American Journal...
  • TRIANDIS, H. C. (1971). Attitudes and attitude change. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • TRINGO, J. L. (1970). The hierarchy of preferences toward disability groups. Journal of Special Education, 4, 295-306.
  • UPTON, T. D. Y HARPER, D. C. (2002). Multidimensional disability attitudes and equitable evaluation of educational accommodations in higher...
  • VERDUGO, M. Á., ARIAS, B. Y JENARO, C. (1994). Actitudes hacia las personas con minusvalía. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales.
  • VERDUGO, M. Á., JENARO, C. Y ARIAS, B. (1995). Actitudes sociales y profesionales hacia las personas con discapacidad: estrategias de evaluación...
  • VOELTZ, L. M. (1980). Effects of structured interactions with severely handicapped peers to children’s attitudes. American Journal of Mental...
  • VON EYE, A. Y MUN, E. Y. (2005). Analyzing rater agreement: Manifest variable methods. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • WIDAMAN, K. F., LITTLE, T. D., PREACHER, K. J. Y SAWALANI, G. M. (2011). On creating and using short forms of scales in secondary research....
  • WILLEMS, A., EMBREGTS, P., STAMS, G. Y MOONEN, X. (2010). The relation between intrapersonal and interpersonal staff behaviour towards clients...
  • WILLIAMS, R. Y ROSE, J. (2007). The development of a questionnaire to assess the perceptions of care staff towards people with intellectual...
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2011). World Report on Disability 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization Press.
  • YUKER, H. E., BLOCK, J. R. Y YOUNNG, J. H. (1960). The measurement of attitudes toward disabled persons. Albertson, NY: Human Resources Center.
  • ZINBARG, R. E., REVELLE, W., YOVEL, I. Y LI, W. (2005). Cronbach’s ?, Revelle’s b, and McDonald’s ?H: Their relations with each other and...