An explanatory model of poverty from the perspective of social psychology and human rights

• Autores: Alfonso Pérez Muñoz, Fernando Chacón Fuertes, María del Rosario Martínez Arias
• Localización: The Spanish Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1138-7416, Vol. 18, 2015, 12 págs.
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2015.104
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Poverty is a social problem, entailing not only an economical perspective but above all a human and social issue. Poverty is promoted, justified and maintained by unique individuals and groups by means of our own attitudes, interests and behavior, as well as with our social structures and social relationships. From this interactive, psychosocial and sociostructural perspective, and also considering poverty as a denial of basic human rights (UNDP, 1998), we carried out a study with the primary objective to design and verify an Explanatory Model of Poverty. This research may helps to increase the validity of diagnostics and the effectiveness of interventions. Most of the hypotheses were accepted during the analysis and verification of the Model (p < .001), with data fitting the Model (CFI: 1 RMSEA: .025: LO90: 0 � HI90: .061. RMR: .008). These results, if replicated in new investigations, could have the following implications: (a) the need for a broad and comprehensive definition of poverty including its effects, processes and causes; (b) the need for everybody to accept the social responsibility in the prevention and solution to poverty; and (c) the need to conduct longitudinal interventions with scientific methodology and social participation.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abrams D., Hogg M. A., & Marques J. M. (2005). A social psychological framework for understanding social inclusion and exclusion. In D....
  • Acevedo M. I. (1996). Factores de vulnerabilidad asociados a la condición de pobreza. Un enfoque ecosistémico cognitivo [Vulnerability factors...
  • Ardila R. (1979). Psicología social de la pobreza [Social psychology of poverty]. In J. Whittaker (Ed.), La psicología social en el mundo...
  • Bandura A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3
  • Batista J. M., & Coenders G. (2000). Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales [Structural equation models]. Madrid, Spain: La Muralla.
  • Bierbrauer G. (2000). Social justice and political ideology in an immigrant country. In T. Baums, K. J. Hopt & N. Horn (Eds.), Corporations,...
  • Bohle H. G., Downing T. E., & Watts M. J. (1994). Climate change and social sulnerability. Toward a sociology and geography of food insecurity....
  • Bollen K. A. (2014). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Booth C. (1892). Life and labor of the people of London. London, UK: Heinemann.
  • Brickman P., Rabinowitz V. C., Karuza J, Coates D., Cohn E., & Kidder L. (1982). Models of helping and coping. American Psychologist,...
  • Chou C. P., Bentler P. M., & Satorra A. (1991). Scaled test statistics and robust standard errors for non-normal data in covariance structure...
  • Cliff N. (1987). Analyzing multivariate data. San Diego, CA: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich.
  • Curran P. J., West S. G., & Finch J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specication error in conrmatory...
  • De Lucas J. (1996). La xenofobia y la condición de extranjero ante el Derecho [Xenophobia and the alien status before the law]. In E. J. Blazquez...
  • Duncan O. D. (1975). Introduction to structural equation models. New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Estefanía M. T., & Tarazona D. (2003). Psicología y pobreza: ¿Hay algo psicológico en la pobreza o es la pobreza algo psicológico? [Psychology...
  • Fabrigar L. R., Wegener D. T., MacCallum R. C., & Strahan E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological...
  • Festinger L. (1950). Informal social communication. Psychological Review, 57, 271–282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0056932
  • Festinger L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human relations, 7, 117–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
  • Grant J. (1978). Basic needs and its critics. In Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 9, 4. Brighton, UK: University of Sussex.
  • Gorsuch R. L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Heider F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Holmes G., & Newnes C. (2004). Thinking about community psychology and poverty. Clinical Psychology, 38, 12–22.
  • Hu L., Bentler P. M., & Kano Y. (1992). Can test statistics in covariance structure analysis be trusted? Psychological Bulletin, 112,...
  • Hunt D. (1989). Economic theories of development: An analisis of competing paradigms. London, UK: Harvester Wheatseaf.
  • Jackson J. W., & Smith E. R. (1999). Conceptualizing social identity: A new framework and evidence of the impact of different dimensions....
  • Jadue G. (1996). Características familiares de los hogares pobres que contribuyen al bajo rendimiento o al fracaso escolar de los niños [Family...
  • Janis I. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Janis I. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Lerner M. J. (1980). The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Martín-Baró I. (1983). Acción e ideología: Psicología social desde Centroamérica [Action and ideology: Social psychology in Central America]....
  • Martín-Baró I. (1989). Sistema, grupo y poder. Psicología Social desde Centroamérica [System, group and power: Social Psychology in Central...
  • Montero M. (2004). Introducción a la psicología comunitaria. Desarrollo, conceptos y procesos [Introduction to community psychology. Development,...
  • Morales J. F. (1997). Sesgos Atribucionales [Attributional biases]. In J. F. Morales & cols (Eds.), Psicología Social, (pp. 253–270)....
  • Opotow S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1990.tb00268.x
  • Pedhazur E. J., & Schmelkin L. P. (2001). Measurement, design and analysis: An integrated approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Pérez A. (2013). Un modelo explicativo procesual de la pobreza desde la psicología social comunitaria y el enfoque de los DDHH [A processual...
  • Pérez de Armiño K. (1999). Vulnerabilidad y desastres. Causas estructurales y procesos de la crisis de África [Vulnerability and disasters....
  • Pettigrew T. F., & Meertens R. W. (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25(1),...
  • Ryan W. (1976). Blaming the victim. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
  • Satorra A. (1990). Robustness issues in structural equation modeling: A review of recent developments. Quality and Quantity, 24, 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152011
  • Satorra A., & Bentler P. M. (2010). Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic. Psychometrika, 75, 243–248....
  • Sen A. (1985). Commodities and capabilities. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland.
  • Sen A. (1993). Capability and well-being. In M. Nussbaum & A. Sen (Eds.), The quality of life. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
  • Sherif M. (1936). The psychology of social norms. New York, NY: Harper.
  • Sherif M., & Sherif C. (1953). Groups in harmony and tensión. New York, NY: Harper B.
  • Shookner M. (2002), An inclusion lens: Workbook for looking at social and economic exclusion and inclusion. Ottawa, Canada: Population and...
  • Staub E. (1999). The roots of evil: Social condition, culture, personality, and basic human needs. Personality and Social Psychology Review,...
  • Streeten P. (1986). Lo primero es lo primero: Satisfacer las necesidades humanas básicas en los países en desarrollo [First things first:...
  • Stewart F. (1985). Planning to meet basic needs. Londrés, UK: MacMillan.
  • Thompson B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Washington, DC. American Psychological Association.
  • UNDP (1997). Informe sobre el Desarrollo Humano [Human Development Report]. New York, NY: Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.
  • UNDP (1998). Informe sobre el Desarrollo Humano[Human Development Report]. New York, NY: Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.
  • UNDP (2000). Informe sobre el Desarrollo Humano [Human Development Report]. New York, NY: Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.
  • UNDP (2001). Informe sobre el Desarrollo Humano [Human Development Report]. New York, NY: Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.
  • UNDP (2010). Informe sobre el Desarrollo Humano[Human Development Report]. New York, NY: Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.
  • World Bank (1990). World Development Report. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.