Early development of executive functions: a differential study

• Sylvia Sastre i Riba ^[1] ; Eduardo Fonseca Pedrero ^[1] ; María Luisa Poch Olivé ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad de La Rioja

     Universidad de La Rioja

     Logroño, España

     
  2. [2] Hospital San Pedro

     Hospital San Pedro

     Logroño, España

     
• Localización: Anales de psicología, ISSN-e 1695-2294, ISSN 0212-9728, Vol. 31, Nº. 2, 2015, págs. 607-614
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.6018/analesps.31.2.180711
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Desarrollo temprano de las funciones ejecutivas: un estudio dife-rencial.
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 4 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La ontogénesis de las funciones ejecutivas es esencial para ex-plicar el desarrollo típico y atípico. Las funciones ejecutivas deben ser estu-diadas desde edades tempranas debido a sus consecuencias sobre la flexibi-lidad mental, la monitorización de la información, la planificación y el con-trol cognitivo. Proponemos un estudio diferencial en cursos de desarrollo alternativos: bebés típicos, bebés con Síndrome de Down y bebés con fac-tores de riesgo al nacer (hipotiroidismo congénito y bajo peso). Mediante la metodología observacional sistemática se registró la actividad espontánea de los bebés. Los resultados indicaron que: a) los bebés típicos mostraron mayor flexibilidad en su actividad y en el logro de objetivos; b) entre los bebés de riesgo, la menor eficacia ejecutiva se detecta entre los de bajo peso al nacer, en cambio los bebés con hipotiroidismo congénito se situaron más cerca de los bebés típicos, c) los niños con bajo peso al nacer mostraron un buen nivel de combinación de acciones pero menor número de resultados; y d) los bebés con Síndrome de Down mostraron más dificultades de fun-cionamiento ejecutivo, menor flexibilidad, mayor perseverancia y menor de-tección de errores

  • English

    The ontogeny of executive functions is essential in explaining differential and normative developmental trends. Executive functions must be studied from an early age given their consequential effects on mental flexibility, monitoring information, planning, and cognitive control. We propose a differential study in alternative developmental courses through observing typical babies, Down syndrome babies, and babies with risk-factors at birth (due to low weight or to congenital hypothyroidism). Ap-plying Systematic Observational Methodology, spontaneous babies� activity was registered. The results indicated that: a) Typical babies showed better shifting and action flexibility in order to obtain a goal, thus better results; b) Among the higher risk-babies, the lower efficacy in executive functioning was observed in underweight babies. Those with hypothyroidism were more in line with the typical babies; c) Underweight babies showed a good level of combining actions but they obtained inferior results; d) Down syn-drome babies displayed more executive functioning difficulty, lower flexi-bility, high perseveration and less error detection

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