Verbal forward digit span in Spanish population

• Autores: María Victoria Sebastián, Roberto Mediavilla
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 27, Nº. 2, 2015, págs. 93-98
• Idioma: inglés
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo en población española
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Antecedentes: las personas mayores se quejan con frecuencia de las dificultades que tienen para recordar números de teléfono o para marcarlos en el orden correcto. Este estudio investiga el desarrollo de la amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo en adultos y personas mayores en población española, como índice de uno de los componentes del modelo de memoria operativa de Baddeley: el lazo fonológico, que precisamente ilustra estos dos aspectos. Método: la tarea verbal de amplitud de dígitos en orden directo se administró a una muestra incidental de 987 participantes, entre 35 y 90 años. Se definió como la longitud mayor de series de dígitos repetidas correctamente en, al menos, dos de las tres series. Variables demográficas, género y nivel educativo también se examinaron. Resultados: el ANOVA mostró que los tres factores principales (grupo de edad, género y nivel educativo) fueron significativos, pero ninguna de las interacciones alcanzó la significación. La amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo desciende durante el ciclo vital, pero tanto género como nivel educativo afectaron ligeramente. Conclusiones: el lazo fonológico está afectado por la edad. La amplitud verbal de dígitos en orden directo fue, en general, menor que la encontrada en otros estudios.

  • English

    Background: Older people complain of difficulties in recalling telephone numbers and being able to dial them in the correct order. This study examined the developmental trend of verbal forward digit span across adulthood and aging in a Spanish population, as an index of one of the components of Baddeley's working memory model-the phonological loop-, which illustrates these two aspects. Method: A verbal digit span was administered to an incidental sample of 987 participants ranging from 35 to 90 years old. The maximum length was defined that participants could recall of at least two out of three series in the same order as presented with no errors. Demographic variables of gender and educational level were also examined. Results: The ANOVA showed that the three main factors (age group, gender and educational level) were significant, but none of the interactions was. Verbal forward digit span decreases during the lifespan, but gender and educational level affect it slightly. Conclusion: Phonological loop is affected by age. The verbal forward digit span in this study is generally lower than the one reported in other studies.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Aparecida, M., & Rocha de Vasconcellos, S. (2010). Phonological working memory: A comparative study between different age groups. Jornal...
  • Baddeley, A.D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, vol. VIII (pp. 47-89)....
  • Baddeley, A.D., Eysenck, M.W., & Anderson, M.C. (2014). Memory (2nd edition). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
  • Baddeley, A.D., Thomson, N., & Buchanan, M. (1975). Word length and the structure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and...
  • Banken, J. A. (1985). Clinical utility of considering digits forward and digits backward as separate components of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence...
  • Bopp, K.L., & Verhaeghen, P. (2005). Aging and verbal memory span: A meta-analysis. Journal of Gerontology, 60B(5), 223-233.
  • Chen, Z.Y., Cowell, P.E., Varley, R., & Wang, Y.C. (2009). A cross-language study of verbal and visuospatial working memory span. Journal...
  • Choi, H.J., Lee, D.Y., Seo, E.H., Jo, M.K., Sohn, B.K., Choe, Y.M., et al. (2014). A normative study of the digit span in an educationally...
  • Della Sala, S., Cocchini, G., Logie, R.H., Allerhand, M., & MacPherson, S.E. (2010). Dual task during encoding, maintenance, and retrieval...
  • Fisk, J.E., & Warr, P. (1996). Working memory: The role of perceptual speed, central executive and phonological loop. Psychology and Aging,...
  • Gathercole, S.E., & Alloway, T.P. (2008). Working memory and learning. A practical guide for teachers. London: Sage Publications.
  • Gregoire, J., & Van der Linden, M. (1997). Effect of age on forward and backward digit spans. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition: A...
  • Hale, S., Rose, N.S., Myerson, J., Strube, N.J., Sommers, M., Tye-Murray, N. et al. (2011). The structure of working memory abilities across...
  • Hickman, S.E., Howieson, D.B., Dame, A., Sexton, G., & Kaye, J. (2000). Longitudinal analysis of the effects of the aging process on neuropsychological...
  • Kaufman, A.S., McLean, J.E., & Reynolds, C.R. (1988). Sex, race, residence, region and education differences on the 11 WAIS-R subtests....
  • Kumar, N., & Priyadarshi, B. (2013). Differential effect of aging on verbal and visuo-spatial working memory. Aging and Disease, 4(4),...
  • Monaco, M., Costa, A., Caltagirone, C., & Carlesimo, G. A. (2013). Forward and backward span for verbal and visuo-spatial data: Standardization...
  • Myerson, J., Emery, L., White, D.A., & Hale, S. (2003). Effects of age, domain, and processing demands on memory span: Evidence for differential...
  • Olazarán, J., Jacobs, D.M., & Stern, Y. (1996). Comparative study of visual and verbal short-term memory in English and Spanish speakers:...
  • Otrosky-Solís, F., & Lozano, A. (2006). Digit Span: Effect of education and culture. International Journal of Psychology, 41(5), 333-341.
  • Peña-Casanova, J., Quiñones-Úbeda, S., Quintana-Aparicio, M., Aguilar, M., Badenes, D., Molinuevo, J.L., et al. (2009). Spanish Multicenter...
  • Philips, L.H., & Hamilton, C. (2001). The working memory model in adult aging research. In J. Andrade (Ed.), Working Memory in Perspective....
  • Ryan, J.J., López, S.J., & Paolo, A.M. (1996). Digit span performance of persons 75-96 years of age: Base rates and associations with...
  • Salthouse, T.A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103(3), 403-428.
  • Sebastián, M.V., & Hernández-Gil, L. (2010). A comparison of memory and executive functions in Alzheimer disease and the frontal variant...
  • Sebastián, M.V., & Hernández-Gil, L. (2012). Developmental pattern of digit span in Spanish population. Psicothema, 24(2), 183-187.
  • Stuart-Hamilton, I. (2012). The Psychology of Ageing: An introduction (5th edition). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Wechsler, D. (1955). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). New York: The Psychological Corporation [Spanish Version, Madrid: TEA Ediciones,...
  • Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R). San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (1997a). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third Edition (WAIS-III). San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation [Spanish...
  • Wechsler, D. (1997b). Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition (WMS-III). San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation [Spanish Version,...
  • Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). San Antonio, Texas: Pearson, Inc. [Spanish Version, Madrid:...
  • Wechsler, D. (2009). Wechsler Memory Scale - Fourth Edition (WMS-IV). San Antonio, Texas: Pearson, Inc. [Spanish Version, Madrid: NCS Pearson,...
  • Wilde, N. J., Strauss, E., & Tuslky, D.S. (2004). Memory span on the Wechsler Scales. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,...