Trastornos leves del espectro autista en educación infantil: Prevalencia, sintomatología co-ocurrente y desarrollo psicosocial

• Autores: Paula Morales Hidalgo, Edelmira Domènech, Maria del Claustre Jané i Ballabriga, Josefa Canals Sans
• Localización: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica, ISSN 1136-5420, Vol. 18, Nº. 3, 2013, págs. 217-231
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5944/rppc.vol.18.num.3.2013.12922
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Mild autism spectrum disorders in preschool children: Prevalence, co-occurrent symptoms and psychosocial development
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• Dialnet Métricas: 5 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Estudio sobre la prevalencia de síntomas del trastorno de espectro autista (TEA) en 1104 preescolares de escuelas rurales y urbanas. Se describe sintomatología co-ocurrente y se compara el desarrollo psicológico y salud familiar de niños TEA con niños afectos de síntomas del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y sin psicopatología (cuasi-controles). La prevalencia de síntomas TEA osciló entre 1,18-2,17% según informen padres, maestros o ambos. La mayor co-ocurrencia fue con síntomas TDAH (58%) y tics (50%). Los niños con síntomas TEA no difirieron del grupo TDAH en su desarrollo psicológico. Respecto al grupo cuasi-control, se encontraron menores habilidades de coordinación fina, autoayuda, juego grupal (familia) y menor comprensión/producción lingüística y juego simbólico (escuela). En los grupos TEA y TDAH, más de un tercio de madres refirieron síntomas psicológicos, difiriendo significativamente de la salud paterna y materna cuasi-control. Para la detección temprana del TEA debería contemplarse información de familia y escuela, atendiendo la sintomatología TDAH como un buen indicador precoz.

  • English

    Study about the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in 1104 preschool-aged children attending urban/rural schools. We describe co-occurrent symptoms and compare psychosocial development and parents� mental health between children with ASD-symptoms, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and controls. The prevalence of ASD symptoms ranged between 1.18-2.17% depending on the informants (parents, teachers or both). In ASD children, ADHD symptoms (58%) and tics (50%) were most co-occurrent. There was no difference between ASD and ADHD groups in psychosocial development. The ASD group was perceived less competent than controls in fine coordination, self-help skills, play-with-peers (family) and also less proficient in language comprehension/production skills and pretend-play (school). More than one-third of mothers in the ASD and ADHD groups reported psychological symptoms, significantly differing from control fathers and mothers. For early detection of ASD, family and school information needs to be studied, considering ADHD symptoms as valid early predictors.

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