Assessing organizational climate: psychometric properties of the CLIOR Scale

• Elsa Peña Suárez ^[1] ; José Muñiz Fernández ^[1] ; Ángela Campillo Álvarez ^[1] ; Eduardo Fonseca Pedrero ^[2] ; Eduardo García Cueto ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Oviedo

     Universidad de Oviedo

     Oviedo, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad de La Rioja

     Universidad de La Rioja

     Logroño, España

     
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 25, Nº. 1, 2013, págs. 137-144
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2012.260
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Evaluación del clima organizacional: propiedades psicométricas de la Escala CLIOR
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 11 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Antecedentes: el clima organizacional es el conjunto de percepciones que comparten los trabajadores de un determinado ámbito laboral. El objetivo central de este trabajo es la construcción de una nueva escala para evaluar el clima organizacional y el estudio de sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: la muestra estaba formada por 3.163 trabajadores del ámbito sanitario, un 88,7% trabajaban en hospitales y un 11,3% en servicios de Atención Primaria. Un 80% eran mujeres y un 20% hombres, con una edad media de 51,9 años y una desviación típica de 6,28. Resultados: la escala construida está formada por 50 ítems tipo Likert, con un coeficiente alfa de 0,97 y una estructura esencialmente unidimensional. Los índices de discriminación de los ítems son todos superiores a 0,40, y ninguno de los ítems muestra un funcionamiento diferencial respecto al sexo. Se desarrolló una versión corta de la escala de 15 ítems, con índices de discriminación superiores a 0,40, coeficiente alfa de 0,94 y estructura unidimensional. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos indican que la nueva escala desarrollada tiene unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, permitiendo una evaluación fiable y válida del clima organizacional.

  • English

    Background: Organizational climate is the set of perceptions shared by workers who occupy the same workplace. The main goal of this study is to develop a new organizational climate scale and to determine its psychometric properties. Method: The sample consisted of 3,163 Health Service workers. A total of 88.7% of participants worked in hospitals, and 11.3% in primary care; 80% were women and 20% men, with a mean age of 51.9 years (SD= 6.28). Results: The proposed scale consists of 50 Likert-type items, with an alpha coefficient of 0.97, and an essentially one-dimensional structure. The discrimination indexes of the items are greater than 0.40, and the items show no differential item functioning in relation to participants� sex. A short version of the scale was developed, made up of 15 items, with discrimination indexes higher than 0.40, an alpha coefficient of 0.94, and its structure was clearly one-dimensional. Conclusions: These results indicate that the new scale has adequate psychometric properties, allowing a reliable and valid assessment of organizational climate.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council on Measurement in Education (1999). Standards...
  • Ashforth, B.E. (1995). Climate formation: Issues and extensions. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 837-847.
  • Asif, F. (2011). Estimating the impact of Denison's (1996), "What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational...
  • Bartram, D., & Hambleton, R.K. (Eds.) (2006). Computer-based testing and the Internet. Chichester, UK: Wiley and Sons.
  • Bartram, D., Robertson, I.T., & Callinan, M. (2002). A framework for examining organizational effectiveness. In I.T. Robertson, M. Callinan,...
  • Bermejo, R., Hidalgo, D., Parra, P., Más, A., & Gomis, R. (2011). Propiedades métricas de las escalas de competencia profesional y trato...
  • Blake, R.R., & Mouton, J.S. (1981). Productivity: The human side. New York: AMACOM.
  • Blake, R.R., & Mouton, J.S. (1994). The managerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
  • Boada-Grau, J., Diego-Vallejo, R., Llanos-Serra, E., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2011). Versión breve en español del Team Climate Inventory (TCI-14):...
  • Bowers, D.G., & Taylor, J.C. (1972). Survey of organizations. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Brennan,...
  • Campbell, J.J., Dunnette, M.D., Lawler, E.E., & Weick, K.E. (1970). Managerial behavior, performance, and effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Carr, J.Z., Schmidt, A.M., Ford, J.K., & DeShon, R.P. (2003). Climate perceptions matter: A meta-analytic path analysis relating molar...
  • Cole, L.L., Grubb, P.L., Sauter, S.L., Swanson, N.G., & Lawless, P. (1997). Psychosocial correlates of harassment, threats and fear of...
  • Corral, S., & Pereña, J. (2010). Cuestionario de clima laboral. Manual [Work Climate Questionnaire. Manual] (2a ed.). Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
  • Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.
  • Culbertson, A., & Rodgers, W. (1997). Improving managerial effectiveness in the workplace: The case of sexual harassment of Navy women....
  • Cummings, L.L., & deCotiis, T.A. (1973). Organizational correlates of perceived stress in a professional organization. Public Personnel...
  • Dawson, J.F., González-Romá, V., Davis, A., & West, M.A. (2008). Organizational climate and climate strength in UK hospitals. European...
  • deCotiis, T.A., & Summers, T.P. (1987). A path analysis of a model of the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment. Human...
  • Delgado, A., Bellón, J.A., Martínez-Cañavete, M.T., Luna, J.D., López-Fernández, L.A., & Lardelli, P. (2006). Las dimensiones del clima...
  • Denison, D.R. (1996). What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate? A native's point of view on a...
  • Dieterly, D.L., & Schneider, B. (1974). The effect of organizational environment on perceived power and climate. A laboratory study. Organizational...
  • Downing, S.M., & Haladyna, T.M. (2006). Handbook of test development. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Drasgow, F., Luecht, R.M., & Bennett, R.E. (2006). Technology and testing. In R.L. Brennan (Ed.), Educational measurement (pp. 471-515)....
  • Ekvall, G. (1996). Organizational climate for creativity and innovation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 105-123.
  • Fernández-Ballesteros R., & Sierra, B (1984). Escalas de clima social: familia, trabajo, instituciones penitenciarias, centro escolar....
  • Fidalgo, A.M. (2010). GMHDIF: A computer program for detecting DIF in dichotomous and polytomous items using generalized Mantel-Haenszel statistics....
  • Fleishman, E.A. (1953). A leadership climate, human relations training, and supervisory behavior. Personnel Psychology, 6, 205-222.
  • González, A., Padilla, J.L., Hidalgo, M.D., Gómez-Benito, J., & Benítez, I. (2011). EASY-DIF: Software for analyzing differential item...
  • González-Romá, V. (2011). El clima de los equipos de trabajo: una propiedad configuracional [The climate of work teams: A configurational...
  • González-Romá, V., Tomás, I., Peiró, J.M., Lloret, S., Espejo, B., Ferreres, D., y Hernández, A. (1996). Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas...
  • Haladyna, T.M. (2004). Developing and validating multiple-choice test item (3rd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Haladyna, T.M., Downing, S.M., & Rodríguez, M.C. (2002). A review of multiple-choice item-writing guidelines. Applied Measurement in Education,...
  • Halpin, A.W. (1966). Theory and research in administration. New York: MacMillan.
  • Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new...
  • James, L.R., Choi, C.C., Ko, C.E., McNeil, P.K., Minton, M.K., Wright, M.A., & Kim, K. (2008). Organizational and psychological climate:...
  • Jones, A.P., & James, L.R. (1979). Psychological climate: Dimensions and relationships of individual and aggregated work environment perceptions....
  • Kopelman, R.E., Brief, A.P., & Guzzo, R.A. (1990). The role of climate and culture in productivity. In B. Schneider (Ed.), Organizational...
  • Koys, D.J., & deCotiis, T.A. (1991). Inductive measures of psychological climate. Human Relations, 44, 265-285.
  • Lawler, E.E., Hall, D.T., & Oldham, G.R. (1974). Organizational climate: Relationship to organizational structure, process and performance....
  • Lazarus, R.S. (1982). Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition. The American Psychologist, 37, 1019-1024.
  • Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Litwin, G.H., & Stringer, R.A. (1966). The influence of organizational climate. Boston, MD: Harvard University Press.
  • López-Fernández, L.A., Sánchez-Cantilejo, E., Calzas-Urrutia, D., Siles-Román, D., Sevilla-García, E., & de Oleaga-Usategui, I. (1988)....
  • Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P.J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavioral Research...
  • Mantel, N., & Haenszel, W. (1959). Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. Journal of the National...
  • Margulies, N. (1965). A study of organizational culture and the self- actualizing process. Los Angeles: University of California.
  • Mills, C.N., Potenza, M.T., Fremer, J.J., & Ward, W.C. (Eds.) (2002). Computer-based testing: Building the foundation for future assessments....
  • Moos, R., & Trickett, E.J. (1974). The Social Climate Scales: An overview. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
  • Moreno, R., Martínez, R.J., & Muñiz, J. (2004). Directrices para la construcción de ítems de elección multiple [Guidelines for developing...
  • Moreno, R., Martínez, R., & Muñiz, J. (2006). New guidelines for developing multiple-choice items. Methodology, 2, 65-72.
  • Muñiz, J., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2008). Construcción de instrumentos de medida para la evaluación universitaria [Developing measurement...
  • Muñiz, J., García-Cueto, E., & Lozano, L.M. (2005). Item format and the psychometric properties of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire....
  • Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (2006). Mplus user's guide (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén & Múthen.
  • Newman, J.E. (1975). Understanding the organizational structure-job attitude relationship though perceptions of the work environment. Organizational...
  • Newman, J.E. (1977). Development of a measure of Perceived Work Environment (PWE). Academy of Management Journal, 20(4), 520-534.
  • Ostroff, C. (1993). The effects of climate and personal influences on individual behavior and attitudes in organizations. Organizational Behavior...
  • Ostroff, C., Kinicky, A., & Tamkins, M.M. (2003). Organizational culture and climate. In W.C. Borman, D.R. Ilgen, & R.J. Klimoski...
  • Patterson, M.G., West, M.A., Shackleton, V.J., Dawson, J.F., Lawthom, R., Maitlis, S., & Robinson, D.L. (2005). Validating the organizational...
  • Rafferty, A.E., & Jimmieson, N.L. (2009). Team change climate: A group-level analysis of the relationships among change information and...
  • Schnake, M.E. (1983). An empirical assessment of the effects of affective response in the measurement of organizational climate. Personnel...
  • Schneider, B., & Bartlett, C.J. (1968). Individual differences and organizational climate: The research plan and questionnaire development....
  • Schneider, B., & Bartlett, C.J. (1970). Individual differences and organizational climate II: Measurement of organizational climate by...
  • Steel, R.P., Shane, G.S., & Kennedy, K.A. (1990). Effects of social system factors on absenteeism, turnover, and job performance. Journal...
  • Stern, G.G. (1970). People in context: Measuring person-environment congruence in education and industry. New York: Wiley.
  • Tagiuri, R.I. (1968). The concept of organizational climate. In R.I. Tagiuri & G.H. Litwin (Eds.), Organizational climate: Exploration...
  • Thumin, F.J., & Thumin, L.J. (2011). The measurement and interpretation of organizational climate. The Journal of Psychology, 145, 93-109.
  • van der Linden, W.J., & Glas, C.A. (Eds.) (2010). Elements of adaptive testing. London: Springer.
  • Vartia, M. (2008). The sources of bullying: Psychological work environment and organizational climate. European Journal of Work and Organizational...
  • Wilson, M. (2005). Constructing measures: An item response modeling approach. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Zwick, R., Donoghue, J.R., & Grima, A. (1993). Assessment of differential item functioning for performance tasks. Journal of Educational...