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When presented with an auditory Ibl dubbed onto a visual Igl, listeners perceive sometimes a fused phoneme like Idl whereas with the reverse presentation, they experience a combination such as Ibgl . There two kinds of illusions were reported by McGurk and MacDonald (1976).
The aim of this paper is to review research on the McGurk effect and on the underlying cognitive processes. Different experimental manipulations that are likely to modulate the size of the effect are examined, such as spatial separation and temporal desynchronisation between the signals, vocalic and consonantic environment, articulation rate, stimulus quality, cognitive influences and cross-linguistic differences. Data from studies bearing on the issue of the level of processing at which audiovisual integration occurs relative to phonetic categorization are considered. The place of the McGurk effect in current theories of speech perception is also discussed, as well as the development of the effect during childhood, and finally the possible cerebral bases.
