A Cross-cultural Evaluation of Temperament: Japan, USA, Poland and Russia

• Autores: Maria A. Gartstein, Helena R. Slobodskaya, Piotr Olaf Zylicz, Dorota Gosztyla, Atsuko Nakagawa
• Localización: International journal of psychology and psychological therapy, ISSN 1577-7057, Vol. 10, Nº. 1, 2010, págs. 55-75
• Idioma: inglés
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen
  • español

    El presente estudio representa el intento de investigar el desarrollo temprano del temperamento a través de cuatro culturas: Japón, Estados Unidos de América, Polonia y Rusia, mediante un diseño transversal. La selección de estos países presentó una oportunidad de llevar a cabo comparaciones entre culturas que varían en los sistemas de valores individualistas/colectivos. Los padres respondieron al Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, encontrándose que los niños estadounidenses y polacos recibieron los indices más altos en varias dimensiones de afectividad positiva/extraversión: sonreír y reir, placer alto, sensibilidad perceptiva, acercamiento, y reactividad vocal. Los niños japoneses y rusos fueron caracterizados con los índices más altos en temor, respecto a los niños estadounidenses y polacos. Los resultados indican diferencias relacionadas con la edad y el sexo a través de las cuatro culturas, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexos en placer alto y acercamiento, con los varones recibiendo puntuaciones más altas que las mujeres; los niños de mayor edad fueron percibidos por sus padres exhibiendo niveles más altos de angustia a las limitaciones y de miedo en comparación con el grupo de niños de menor edad.

  • English

    The present study represents an attempt to investigate early development of temperament across four cultures: Japan, United States of America (U.S), Poland, and Russia, through a cross-sectional design. Selection of these countries presented an opportunity to conduct comparisons between cultures that vary on the individualistic/collectivistic value systems. Parents responded to the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, with U.S. and Polish infants received the highest ratings for a number of Positive Affectivity/Surgency dimensions: Smiling and Laughter, High Intensity Pleasure, Perceptual Sensitivity, Approach, and Vocal Reactivity. Japanese and Russian infants were characterized as demonstrating the highest and the second highest levels of fearfulness, respectively, with U.S. and Polish infants receiving relatively lower ratings from their caregivers. Age and gender differences were observed across all four cultures. Significant gender differences emerged for High Intensity Pleasure and Approach, with males receiving higher scores than females. Older infants were perceived by their caregivers as exhibiting higher levels of Distress to Limitations and Fear compared to the younger age group.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ahadi SA, Rothbart MK, & Ye R (1993). Children’s temperament in the U.S. and China: Similarities and differences. European Journal of...
  • Allik A, & Realo A (2004). Individualism-collectivism and social capital. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 35, 29-49.
  • Axia G, Prior M, & Carelli MG (1992). Cultural influences on temperament: A comparison of Italian, Italo-Australian, and Anglo-Australian...
  • Bates JE (1989). Concepts and measures of temperament. In GA Kohnstamm, JE Bates, & MK Rothbart (Eds.), Temperament in Childhood (pp....
  • Bornstein MH, Gaughran JM, & Homel P (1986). Infant temperament: Theory, tradition, critique, and new assessments. In CE Izard & PB...
  • Bornstein MH, Tal J, & Tamis-LeMonda C (1991). Parenting in cross-cultural perspective: The United States, France, and Japan. In MH Bornstein...
  • Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Cairns RB (1983). The emergence of developmental psychology. In PH Mussen, (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol....
  • Campbell DW, & Eaton WO (1999). Sex differences in the activity level of infants. Infant and Child Development, 8, 1-17. Carey WB, &...
  • Carranza Carnicero JA, Pérez López J, González Salinasw MC, & Martínez Fuentes MT (2000). A longitudinal study of temperament in infancy:...
  • Dougherty LR (2006). Children’s emotionality and social status: A meta-analytic review. Social Development, 15, 394-417.
  • Eaton WO (1994). Temperament, development, and the Five-Factor Model: Lessons from activity level. In CF Halverson, GA Kohnstamm, & RP...
  • Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Eisenberg N, Fabes RA, Shepard SA, Murphy BC, Guthrie IK, Jones S, Friedman J, Poulin R, & Maszk P (1997). Contemporaneous...
  • Eisenberg N, Valiente R, Fabes RA, Smith CL, Reiser M, Shepard SA, Losoya SH, Guthrie IK, Murphy BC, & Cumberland AJ (2003). The relations...
  • Else-Quest NM, Shibley Hyde J, Goldsmith HH, & Van Hulle CA (2006). Gender Differences in Temperament: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological...
  • Fabes RA, Shepard SA, Guthrie IK, & Martin CL (1997). Roles of temperamental arousal and gender-segregated play in young children’s social...
  • Freedman DG & Freedman M (1969). Behavioral differences between Chinese-American and American newborns. Nature, 224, 1227.
  • Gartstein MA, Knyazev GG, & Slobodskaya HR (2005). Cross-cultural differences in the structure of infant temperament: United States of...
  • Gartstein MA & Rothbart MK (2003). Studying infant temperament via a revision of the infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and...
  • Gartstein MA, Slobodskaya HR, & Kinsht IA (2003). Cross-cultural differences in the first year of life: United States of America (U.S.)...
  • González C, Carranza JA, & Ato M (1999). The development of temperament in infancy: Continuity and change. Unpublished manuscript. Murcia:...
  • González C, Hidalgo MD, Carranza JA, & Ato M (2000). Elaboración de una adaptación a población española del Cuestionario Infant Behavior...
  • Greenfield PM, Keller H, Fuligni A, & Maynard A (2003). Cultural pathways through universal development. Annual Review of Psychology,...
  • Harkness S, Blom M, Oliva O, Moscardino U, Zylicz PO, Bermudez MR, Feng X, Carrasco-Zylicz A, Axia G, & Super C (2007). Teachers’ ethnotheories...
  • Harkness S, Moscardino U, Ríos Bermúdez M, Zylicz PO, Welles-Nyström B, Blom M, Parmar P, Axia G, Palacios J, & Super C (2006). Mixed...
  • Harkness S, & Super CM (1996). Introduction. In S Harkness & CM Super (Eds.), Parents’ Cultural Belief Systems: Their Origins, Expressions,...
  • Hart S, Field T, & Roitfarb M (1999). Depressed mothers’ assessments of their neonates’ behavior. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20, 200-210.
  • Hsu C, Soong W, Stigler JW, Hong C, & Liang C (1981). The temperamental characteristics of Chinese babies. Child Development, 53, 1337-1340.
  • Hui CCH, & Triandis HC (1989). Effects of culture and response format on extreme response style. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology,...
  • Johnson MH, Posner MI, & Rothbart MK (1991). Components of visual orienting in early infancy: Contingency learning, anticipatory looking,...
  • Kagan J (1994). Galen’s Prophecy: Temperament in Human Nature. New York: Basic Books.
  • Kagan J (1998). Biology and the child. In W Damon (Series Ed.) & N Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 3. Social,...
  • Kagan J, Arcus D, Snidman N, Yu Feng W, Hendler J, & Greene S (1994). Reactivity in infants: A crossnational comparison. Developmental...
  • Kagan J, Kearsley RB, & Zelazo PR (1978). Infancy: Its Place in Human Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Keller H (2002). Between Culture and Biology: Perspectives on Ontogenetic Development. In H
  • Keller, YH Poortinga, & A Schölmerich (Eds.), Cambridge Studies in Cognitive Perceptual Development, (pp. 215-240). New York: Cambridge...
  • Keller H, Yovsi R, Borke J, Kartner JH, Jensen H, & Papaligoura Z (2004). Developmental consequences of early parenting experiences: Self-recognition...
  • Kolpakov VG, Makarov VV, Khryachkova NA, Chuguy VF, & Chepkasov IL (1984). Measurement of temperament traits in children of the first...
  • Kolpakov VG, Chuguy VF, Makarov VV, Rovda YI, Chepkasov IL, & Kazakova LM (1987). Measurement of temperament in children by means of parental...
  • Lemery KS, Goldsmith HH, Klinnert MD, & Mrazek DA (1999). Developmental models of infant and childhood temperament. Developmental Psychology,...
  • Marganoff PP & Folwarski J (1996). Slavic families: An overview. In M McGoldrick, J Giordano, & JK Pearce (Eds.), Ethnicity and Family...
  • Martin RP, Wisenbaker J, Baker J, & Huttunen MO (1997). Gender differences in temperament at six months and five years. Infant Behavior...
  • Mauro R, Sato K, & Tucker J (1992). The role of appraisal in human emotions: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Personality and Social...
  • Maziade M, Boudreault M, Thivierge J, Caperaa P, & Cote R (1984). Infant temperament: SES and gender differences and reliability of measurement...
  • McDevitt SC & Carey WF (1981). Stability of ratings vs. perceptions of temperament from early infancy to 1-3 years. American Journal Orthopsychiatry,...
  • Murphy BC, Shepard SA, Eisenberg N, & Fabes RA (2004). Concurrent and across time prediction of young adolescent’s social functioning:...
  • Panksepp J (2001). The long-term psychobiological consequences of infant emotions: Prescriptions for the twenty first century. Infant Mental...
  • Pauli-Pott U, Mertesacker B, & Beckmann D (2004). Predicting the development of infant emotionality from maternal characteristics. Development...
  • Peters-Martin P, & Wachs T (1984). A longitudinal study of temperament and its correlates in the first 12 months. Infant Behavior and...
  • Posner MI, & Rothbart MK (1992). Attention and conscious experience. In AD Milner & MD Rugg (Eds.), The Neuropsychology of Consciousness,...
  • Williams DR (1999). Cross-, intra-, inter-, and just plain cultural. In WJ Lonner, DL Dinnel, DK Forgays, & SA Hayes (Eds.), Merging Past,...
  • Riese ML (1987). Temperamental stability between the neonatal period and 24 months. Developmental Psychology, 23, 216-222.
  • Rothbart MK (1981). Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development, 52, 569-578. Rothbart MK (1986). Longitudinal observation of...
  • Rothbart MK (1988). Temperament and the development of the inhibited approach. Child Development, 59, 1241-1250.
  • Rothbart MK & Ahadi SA (1994). Temperament and the development of personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 55-66.
  • Rothbart MK & Derryberry D (1981). Development of individual differences in temperament. In ME Lamb & AL Brown (Eds.), Advances in...
  • Rothbart MK, Ahadi SA, & Hershey KL (1994). Temperament and social behavior in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 21-39.
  • Rothbart MK & Bates JE (1998). Temperament. In W Damon (Series Ed.) & N Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 3....
  • Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, & Elias PK (1982). Sociocultural variability in infant temperament ratings. Child Development, 53, 164-173. Sanson...
  • Shamai M (2001). Parents’ perceptions of their children in a context of shared political uncertainty. Child and Family Social Work, 6, 249–260.
  • Super CM, Axia G, Harkness S, Welles-Nyström B, Zylicz PO, Parmar P, Bonichini S, Rios M, Moscardino U, Kolar V, Palacios J, Eliasz A, &...
  • Teglasi H & MacMahon BH (1990). Temperament and common problem behaviors of children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 11,...
  • Triandis HC (1988). Collectivism and individualism: A reconceptualization of a basic concept in crosscultural social psychology. In BK Verma...
  • Triandis HC (1992). The Analysis of Subjective Culture. New York: Wiley.
  • Triandis HC (1997). Cross-cultural perspectives on personality. In R Hogan, J Johnson, & S Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Psychology...
  • Tsai JL, Knutson B, & Fung S (2006). Cultural Variation in Affect Valuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 288–307.
  • Walker S, Berthelsen D, & Irving K (2001). Temperament and peer acceptance in early childhood: Sex and Social Status Differences. Child...
  • Windle M, Hooker K, Lenerz K, East PL, Lerner JV, & Lerner RM (1986). Temperament, perceived competence, and depression in early and late...
  • Ye R & Rothbart MK (1988). A longitudinal study of infants’ behaviors. Psychological Development and Education, 4, 6-10.
  • Zawadzki B, Strelau W, Oniszczenko W, Roemann R, & Angleitner A (2001). Generic and environmental influences on temperament. European...