Virtual reality as empowering environment for personal change:: the contribution of the applied technology for neuro-psychology laboratory

• Autores: Giuseppe Riva, Andrea Gaggioli, Alessandra Gorini, Laura Carelli, Claudia Repetto, Davide Algeri, Cinzia Vigna
• Localización: Anuario de psicología, ISSN 0066-5126, Vol. 40, Nº. 2, 2009, págs. 171-192
• Idioma: inglés
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • When we exercise real choice, we gain increased control over our lives and are able to change ourselves. However for many subjects it is not easy to exercise effective choices: patients often don�t have the knowledge, skills, assertiveness, or self esteem needed. In this situation Virtual Reality (VR), an artificial reality that projects the user into a 3D space generated by the computer, may offer a critical advantage to the therapist. The enriched experience and the total level of control on its features, transform VR in an �empowering environment�, where patients can start to explore and act without feeling actually threatened. The attempt of defining, developing and testing VR tools supporting personal empowerment is the main goal of the Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory �ATN-P Lab� at the Istituto Auxologico Italiano. The paper describes the actual work done by the ATN-P Lab. in this area. Specifically, the open source "NeuroVR" system and its potential clinical applications �anxiety disorders, obesity and eating disorders� are presented and discussed.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Amorim, M. A. (2005). "What is my avatar seeing?" The coordination of "out-of-body" and "embodied" perspectives for...
  • ASAM. (1996). Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders - Second Edition. Chevy Chase, MD: American Association...
  • Astur, R. S., Taylor, L. B., Mamelak, A. N., Philpott, L., & Sutherland, R. J. (2002). Humans with hippocampus damage display severe spatial...
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. En R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development - Vol. 6 - Six theories of child development (pp....
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercize of control. New York: W H Freeman & Co.
  • Baños, R. M., Botella, C., & Perpiñà, C. (1999). Virtual reality and psychopathology. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2(4), 283-292.
  • Bermúdez, J., Marcel, A. J., & Eilan, N. (1995). The body and the self. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Bordnick, P. S., Graap, K. M., Copp, H. L., Brooks, J., & Ferrer, M. (2005). Virtual reality cue reactivity assessment in cigarette smokers....
  • Bordnick, P. S., Traylor, A., Copp, H. L., Graap, K. M., Carter, B., Ferrer, M., et al. (2008). Assessing reactivity to virtual reality alcohol...
  • Botella, C., García-Palacios, A., Villa, H., Baños, R. M., Quero, M., Alcañiz, M., et al. (2007). Virtual reality exposure in the treatment...
  • Botella, C., Perpiñà, C., Baños, R. M., & García-Palacios, A. (1998). Virtual reality: A new clinical setting lab. Studies in Health Technology...
  • Botella, C., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., Perpinà, C., García Palacios, A., & Riva, G. (2004). Virtual reality and psychotherapy. Stud Health...
  • Buhlmann, U., Cook, L. M., Fama, J. M., & Wilhelm, S. (2007). Perceived teasing experiences in body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 4(4),...
  • Burgess, N., Becker, S., King, J. A., & O'Keefe, J. O. (2001). Memory for events and their spatial context: Models and experiments....
  • Byrne, P., Becker, S., & Burgess, N. (2007). Remembering the past and imagining the future: A neural model of spatial memory and imagery....
  • Carroll, K. M. (1998). Therapy manuals for drug addiction. Manual I. A cognitive-behavioral approach: Treating cocaine dependence (98-4308)....
  • Cash, T. F. (1996). The treatment of body image disturbances. En J. K. Thompson (Ed.), Body image, eating disorders and obesity (pp. 83-107)....
  • Cash, T. F. (1997). The body image workbook: an eight-step program for learning to like your looks. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
  • Cash, T. F., Phillips, K. A., Santos, M. T., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). Measuring "negative body image": Validation of the Body...
  • Castelnuovo, G., Cesa, G. L., Gaggioli, A., Villani, D., Molinari, E., & Riva, G. (2005). A new generation of virtual environments for...
  • Choi, Y. H., Vincelli, F., Riva, G., Wiederhold, B. K., Lee, J. H., & Park, K. H. (2005). Effects of group experiential cognitive therapy...
  • Clancey, W. J. (1997). Situated cognition: On human knowledge and computer representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Clark, A. (1997). Being there: Putting brain body and world together again. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. En R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope & F. R. Schneier...
  • Conrad, C. D. (2006). What is the functional significance of chronic stress-induced CA3 dendritic retraction within the hippocampus? Behavioral...
  • Cooper, Z., Fairburn, C. G., & Hawker, D. M. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obesity: A clinician's guide. New York: Guilford...
  • Coslett, H. B., Saffran, E. M., & Schwoebel, J. (2002). Knowledge of the human body: A distinct semantic domain. Neurology, 59(3), 357-363.
  • D'Argembeau, A., Van der Linden, M., d'Acremont, M., & Mayers, I. (2006). Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories...
  • DiClemente, C. C. (1986). Self-efficacy and the addictive behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 302-315.
  • Emmelkamp, P. M. (2005). Technological innovations in clinical assessment and psychotherapy. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 74(6), 336-343.
  • Farrell, A. D. (1991). Computers and behavioral-assessment - current applications, future possibilities, and obstacles to routine Use. Behavioral...
  • Fornells-Ambrojo, M., Barker, C., Swapp, D., Slater, M., Antley, A., & Freeman, D. (2008). Virtual reality and persecutory delusions:...
  • Galati, G., Lobel, E., Vallar, G., Berthoz, A., Pizzamiglio, L., & Le Bihan, D. (2000). The neural basis of egocentric and allocentric...
  • Gallagher, S. (1995). Body schema and intentionality. En J. L. Bermúdez, A. Marcel & N. Eilan (Eds.), The body and the self (Vol. 225-244)....
  • Gallagher, S. (2003). Bodily self-awareness and object perception. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum: International Journal for Interdisciplinary...
  • Gatti, E., Massari, R., Sacchelli, C., Lops, T., Gatti, R., & Riva, G. (2008). Why do you drink? Virtual reality as an experiential medium...
  • Glantz, K., Durlach, N. I., Barnett, R. C., & Aviles, W. A. (1997). Virtual reality (VR) and psychotherapy: Opportunities and challenges....
  • Godart, N., Berthoz, S., Rein, Z., Perdercau, F., Lang, F., Venisse, J. L., et al. (2006). Docs the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders...
  • Gorini, A., Gaggioli, A., & Riva, G. (2007). Virtual worlds, real healing. Science, 318(5856), 1549.
  • Gorini, A., Gaggioli, A., Vigna, C., & Riva, G. (2008). A second life for eHealth: prospects for the use of 3-D virtual worlds in clinical...
  • Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2008a). The potential of virtual reality as anxiety management tool: A randomized controlled study in a sample...
  • Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2008b). Virtual reality in anxiety disorders: The past and the future. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8(2),...
  • Heffner, S. (2007). Virtual reality in U.S. healthcare (markets for remote surgery, 3D modeling, pain distraction and other applications)....
  • Hinrichsen, H., Waller, G., & Dhokia, R. (2007). Core beliefs and social anxiety in the eating disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders,...
  • Hoffman, H. G. (2004). Virtual-reality therapy: Patients can get relief from pain or overcome their phobias by immersing themselves in computer-generated...
  • Juurmaa, J., & Lehtinen-Railo, S. (1994). Visual experience and access to spatial knowledge. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness,...
  • Kvalem, L. I., von Soest, T., Roald, H. E., & Skolleborg, K. C. (2006). The interplay of personality and negative comments about appearance...
  • Lambrey, S., & Berthoz, A. (2003). Combination of conflicting visual and non-visual information for estimating actively performed body...
  • Lee, J. H., Kwon, H., Choi, J., & Yang, B. H. (2007). Cue-exposure therapy to decrease alcohol craving in virtual environment. Cyberpsychol...
  • Levine, M. P., & Piran, N. (2004). The role of body image in the prevention of eating disorders. Body Image, 1(1), 57-70.
  • Mather, M. (2007). Emotional arousal and memory binding: An object-based framework. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(1), 33-52.
  • McLaughlin, K. J., Gómez, J. L., Baran, S. E., & Conrad, C. D. (2007). The effects of chronic stress on hippocampal morphology and function:...
  • Menon, S. T. (1999). Psychological empowerment: Definition, measurement, and validation. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 31(3), 161-164.
  • Murray, C. D., & Gordon, M. S. (2001). Changes in bodily awareness induced by immersive virtual reality. CyberPsychology & Behavior,...
  • Myers, T. C., Swan-Kremeier, L., Wonderlich, S., Lancaster, K., & Mitchell, J. E. (2004). The use of alternative delivery systems and...
  • Optale, G. (2003). Male sexual dysfunctions and multimedia immersion therapy. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(3), 289-294.
  • Osman, S., Cooper, M., Hackmann, A., & Veale, D. (2004). Spontaneously occurring images and early memories in people with body dysmorphic...
  • Perpiñà, C., Botella, C., & Baños, R. M. (2003). Virtual reality in eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 11(3), 261-278.
  • Ramos, J. M. J. (2000). Long-term spatial memory in rats with hippocampal lesions European Journal of Neuroscience, 12(9), 3375-3384.
  • Riva, G. (1998a). Modifications of body image induced by virtual reality. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 163-170.
  • Riva, G. (1998b). Virtual reality vs. virtual body: The use of virtual environments in the treatment of body experience disturbances. CyberPsychology...
  • Riva, G. (2005). Virtual reality in psychotherapy: Review. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(3), 220-230; discussion, 231-240.
  • Riva, G. (2008). From virtual to real body: Virtual reality as embodied technology. Journal of Cybertherapy and Rehabiliation, 1(1), 7-22.
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Cirillo, G., & Molinari, E. (2000). Virtual reality environment for body image modification: A multidimensional...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., & Molinari, E. (2002). Virtual-reality-based multidimensional therapy for the treatment of body...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Rinaldi, S., & Molinari, E. (1998a). Experiential cognitive therapy in anorexia nervosa. Eating...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Rinaldi, S., & Molinari, E. (1998b). Experiential cognitive therapy: a VR based approach for the...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Rinaldi, S., & Molinari, E. (1999). Virtual reality based experiential cognitive treatment of anorexia...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Baruffi, M., Rinaldi, S., Vincelli, F., & Molinari, E. (2000). Virtual reality based experiential cognitive treatment...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Cesa, G., Conti, S., Castelnuovo, G., Mantovani, F., et al. (2006). Is severe obesity a form of addiction? Rationale,...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Cesa, G., Conti, S., & Molinari, E. (2003). Six-month follow-up of in-patient experiential-cognitive therapy...
  • Riva, G., Bacchetta, M., Cesa, G., Conti, S., & Molinari, E. (2004). The use of VR in the treatment of eating disorders. Studies in Health...
  • Riva, G., Botella, C., Légeron, P., & Optale, G. (Eds.). (2004). Cybertherapy: Internet and virtual reality as assessment and rehabilitation...
  • Robinson, J. A., & Swanson, K. L. (1993). Field and observer modes of remembering. Memory, 1(3), 169-184.
  • Rosen, J. C. (1996). Improving body image in obesity. In J. K. Thompson (Ed.), Body image, eating disorders and obesity (pp. 425-440). Washington,...
  • Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L. F., Ready, D., Graap, K., & Alarcon, R. D. (2001). Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with...
  • Schultheis, M. T., & Rizzo, A. A. (2001). The Application of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology,...
  • Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment and treatment of body image...
  • Vidal, M., Amorim, M. A., & Berthoz, A. (2004). Navigating in a virtual three-dimensional maze: How do egocentric and allocentric reference...
  • Vidal, M., Lipshits, M., McIntyre, J., & Berthoz, A. (2003). Gravity and spatial orientation in virtual 3D-mazes. Journal of Vestibular...
  • Vincelli, F. (1999). From imagination to virtual reality: The future of clinical psychology. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2(3), 241-248.
  • Vincelli, F., Anolli, L., Bouchard, S., Wiederhold, B. K., Zurloni, V., & Riva, G. (2003). Experiential cognitive therapy in the treatment...
  • Vincelli, F., Choi, Y. H., Molinari, E., Wiederhold, B. K., & Riva, G. (2000). Experiential cognitive therapy for the treatment of panic...
  • Vincelli, F., Molinari, E., & Riva, G. (2001). Virtual reality as clinical tool: Immersion and three-dimensionality in the relationship...
  • Vincelli, F., Molinari, E., & Riva, G. (2006). La Realtà Virtuale in psicologia clinica: Nuovi percorsi di intervento net disturbo di...
  • Vocks, S., Legenbauer, T., Ruddel, H., & Troje, N. F. (2007). Static and dynamic body image in bulimia nervosa: Mental representation...
  • Vyas, A., Mitra, R., Shankaranarayana Rao, B. S., & Chattarji, S. (2002). Chronic stress induces contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling...
  • Wells, A., & Papageorgiou, C. (1999). The observer perspective: Biased imagery in social phobia, agoraphobia, and blood/injury phobia....
  • Wiederhold, B. K., & Rizzo, A. (2005). Virtual reality and applied psychophysiology. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 30(3),...
  • Wiederhold, B. K., & Wiederhold, M. D. (2003). Three-year follow-up for virtual reality exposure for fear of flying. Cyberpsychology &...