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Colombia
El presente artículo busca comprender cómo la inclusión del arte en la terapia familiar contribuye a la expresión de historias familiares difíciles de nombrar. Se conceptualizó el arte, la arteterapia y el arte en la terapia; se describieron los lenguajes artísticos más utilizados en terapia; se identificaron las historias familiares difíciles de nombrar, y se reconoció la posición del profesional que incluye el arte en sus sesiones terapéuticas.
Este escrito emergió a partir de la pregunta de investigación ¿Cómo la inclusión del arte contribuye a la expresión de historias familiares difíciles de nombrar por quienes participan en el proceso terapéutico? Fue una investigación de tipo cualitativo que apeló al conocimiento de terapeutas familiares, entrevistados a partir de lo que hacían y cómo lo hacían en sus contextos, desde un enfoque fenomenológico, que privilegia así al sujeto, su subjetividad y sus significados. Se realizó análisis de discurso, el cual develó el arte como un lenguaje universal que moviliza, genera nuevas narrativas y diferentes posibilidades de acompañar; además, demostró cómo el arte se dispone al servicio de la terapia, al ser utilizado como una herramienta dentro de todas las alternativas con las que se cuenta en la intervención terapéutica, para dar forma a aquello que aún no la tiene. Son nuevas narrativas cargadas de significado para quien las emite como para quien acompaña, desde la deconstrucción y coconstrucción de nuevas posibilidades, y que, si bien no exige una formación técnica en artes, sí se requiere flexibilidad y apertura a la incertidumbre.
This article seeks to understand how the inclusion of art in family therapy contributes to the expression of family histories that are difficult to name. Art, art therapy, and art in therapy were conceptualized. The paper emerged from the research question: How does the inclusion of art contribute to the expression of family stories that are difficult to name for those who participate in the therapeutic process? To this end, three specific objectives were proposed: to describe the artistic languages used as forms of expression in family therapy; to identify the family stories that are difficult to name, for which therapists use art as a means of expression; and to recognize the position of the family therapist in the accompaniment through art. It was a qualitative research that appealed to the knowledge of family therapists, who have used art in their therapies as a means of expression, they were contacted intentionally and with the proposal of migrating to a snowball sampling; they were interviewed based on what they did and how they did it in their contexts, from a phenomenological approach, thus privileging the subject, their subjectivity and meanings. Discourse analysis was carried out, which revealed that the artistic languages used in family therapy are diverse and flexible; those that do not involve the therapist's body, such as drawing, painting, plasticine modeling, stand out;
distance is identified on the part of the professional on what includes him/her, on what mobilizes him/her from his/her comfort zone towards uncertainty, towards not knowing what is going to happen. The literary component within the arts is mentioned and a close relationship with narrative approach therapy is identified. Moreover, art in family therapy has multiple ways of being made visible, there are countless artistic languages that are at the service of therapeutic accompaniment. It should also be mentioned that all family stories can be accompanied in therapy through art, not only those that are difficult to name; however, for the latter it is an invaluable resource, because in the process and as a result, other narratives are generated that give way to new meanings and reconfigurations of life. On the other hand, in consultation, family stories are identified that are difficult to name with words, with contents marked by pain, shame and guilt, which require strategies such as art in therapy, as it functions as a fluid means of expression. It should also be mentioned that the position of the family therapist, who includes art in his sessions, is not far from the therapist's own function; that is, he participates in a process of transformation of a family's issues through artistic languages that, although they do not require additional training in art, it would be of great value to have technical concepts that support their accompaniment. Hence, art was perceived as a universal language that mobilizes, generates new narratives and different possibilities of accompaniment; in addition, it showed how art is available at the service of therapy, being used as a tool within all the alternatives available in therapeutic intervention.
Now, it is important to specify that art in therapy is not limited to the realization of a drawing or the elaboration of a work of art, it is rather the impulse to give form to that which does not yet have it; it transcends to new narratives that evoke the creative process and the result obtained, equivalent in importance. They are narratives loaded with meaning for those who emit them as well as for those who accompany them, from the de-construction and co-construction of new possibilities.
