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Barcelona, España
Barcelona, España
España se vio afectada por la crisis sanitaria causada por el COVID. El 14 de marzo de 2020 se declaró el estado de alarma mediante el Real Decreto 463/2020 para gestionar dicha situación. Las medidas adoptadas implicaron la restricción del derecho de las personas a dejar su casa, a excepción de la adquisición de bienes de primera necesidad.
De esta forma, los servicios de atención temprana tuvieron que adaptar su intervención a la situación sanitaria y social para poder cubrir las necesidades de los niños/as y sus familias.
Por ello, este trabajo pretende comprender la vivencia de las familias durante el periodo de confinamiento y estudiar el grado de la calidad percibida, respecto de la intervención telemática de dos Centros de Desarrollo Infantil y Atención Precoz (CDIAP) de la red pública catalana de servicios sociales en la ciudad de Barcelona: CDIAP EDAI-Les Corts-Sarrià y CDIAP EDAI-Sant Martí. Los participantes del estudio han sido 186 familias, atendidas en estos dos servicios, que han respondido a la encuesta creada a través de Google Forms. Los resultados del estudio evidencian afectaciones emocionales, tanto en la infancia como en sus familias, y destacaron la irritabilidad, el estrés y las dificultades de crianza. Se concluye que las familias han manifestado que la atención telemática ha permitido la continuidad de las intervenciones, así como también haberse sentido acompañadas y haber disminuido el sentimiento de soledad de forma significativa, debido al apoyo por parte de los profesionales.
Spain has been affected by the health crisis caused by COVID. A state of alarm was declared on 14th of March 2020 by Royal Decree 463/2020 to manage the situation. The measures adopted involved restricting people's right to leave their homes, except for the purchase of basic necessities.
The pandemic has had significant emotional consequences on the world's population.
Related with the first thirty days of covid quarantine, several studies have been carried out to assess these consequences. Many of them focused on China, but other research has subsequently emerged internationally and within the European Union. The work reported concentrates on the psychological consequences of lockdown in the general population.
During the first fortnight of covid confinement, several investigations have identified depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and high levels of moderate stress in a large percentage of the population (Tian et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020). In addition, such symptoms may contribute to the deterioration of other factors: reduced social support, separation from loved ones, loss of freedom, uncertainty and boredom (Serafini et al., 2020).
In relation to the child population, Jiao et al. (2020) compared the psychological consequences of confinement among participants aged 3 to 18 years. Results reflected feelings of suffocation and fear that family members might contract the virus (at ages 3 to 6 years versus 6 to 18 years). Other negative psychological consequences were also found at all ages: in aspects such as attachment, attention difficulties and irritability. In relation to the type of symptoms, older children showed inattention and persistent ruminating questions, while younger children showed a more dependent attachment and fear of their relatives becoming ill.
Along the same lines, Orgilés et al. (2020) analyzed the effects of confinement in the same age group in Spain and Italy. The results showed changes in the emotional state and behaviors of their children during quarantine. Among the most frequent symptoms, they reported difficulties in concentration, boredom and irritability. In addition, they detected an increase of excessive demands, sleep problems, emotional lability or fears (Pisano et al., 2020). Other studies have identified that social isolation in children has a high psychological impact, which manifests itself in feelings of sadness, anger, frustration and apathy (Biordi & Nicholson, 2013; Brooks et al., 2020).
Thus, early childhood services had to adapt their intervention to the health and social situation in order to continue to meet the needs of children and their families.
Therefore, this paper aims to understand the experience of parents and children during the period of confinement and to study the degree of quality perceived by families regarding the telematic intervention of two Child Development and Early Care Centres (CDIAP) of the Catalan public network of social services in the city of Barcelona:
CDIAP EDAI-Les Corts-Sarrià and CDIAP EDAI-Sant Martí. The participants in the study were 186 families, attending these two services, who responded to the survey created using Google Forms. The results of the study show emotional effects, both on children and their families, highlighting irritability, stress and parenting difficulties. It is concluded that the families have stated that the telematic care has allowed the continuity of the interventions, as well as having felt accompanied and the feeling of loneliness has decreased significantly due to the support provided by the professionals.
