Instructor scaffolding for interaction and online student engagement among a sample of college students in the Philippines: the mediating role of self-regulation

• Autores: Jose Ma Gopez, Beatriz Gopez
• Localización: European Journal of Psychology of Education, ISSN-e 1878-5174, ISSN 0256-2928, Vol. 39, Nº 2, 2024, págs. 1069-1091
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1007/s10212-023-00728-y
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Due to the advent of the pandemic, online learning was fully introduced into the Philippine educational setup. One of the emerging challenges that online teachers face is fostering student engagement in virtual classrooms. Thus, this paper aimed to examine the predictors of student engagement in online learning. The mediating role of self-regulation in the relationship between instructor scaffolding for interaction and student engagement in online learning was explored. The data from a total of 1217 undergraduate students who were enrolled during the research in a public or private university in Pampanga were analyzed. The correlation among variables was also examined. Mediation analysis using Process Macro was performed. The results revealed that instructor scaffolding for interaction and self-regulation predicted student engagement in online learning. Self-regulation served as a partial mediator. With these findings, developmental programs to promote scaffolding for interaction strategies and self-regulatory behaviors in online learning were proposed to foster student engagement.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abdulamir, A. S., & Hafidh, R. R. (2020). The possible immunological pathways for the variable immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 infections...
  • Adonis, M. (2021). Delay in resumption of in-person classes a way of ‘abandoning’ youth. Inquirer https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1399344/delay-in-resumption-of-in-person-classes-a-way-of-abandoning-youth?utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#Echobox=1614119368
  • Aguilera-Hermida, A. P. (2020). College students’ use and acceptance of emergency online learning due to COVID-19. International Journal of...
  • Alghanmi, S. S., & Nyazi, A. K. (2022). Exploring students’ engagement in distance learning during the pandemic of COVID19: A correlational...
  • Artino, A. R., & Stephens, J. M. (2007). Motivation and self-regulation in online courses: A comparative analysis of undergraduate and...
  • Azevedo, R., & Hadwin, A. (2005). Scaffolding self-regulated learning and metacognition—Implications for the design of computer-based...
  • Baber, H. (2020). Determinants of students’ perceived learning outcome and satisfaction in online learning during the pandemic of COVID19....
  • Baker, L., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Metacognitive skills and reading. In P. Pearson, R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, & P. Mosenthal (Eds.), Handbook...
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175–1184.
  • Banna, J., Lin, M.-F.G., Stewart, M., & Fialkowski, M. K. (2015). Interaction matters: Strategies to promote engaged learning in an online...
  • Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., To, Y. M., Paton, V. O., & Lai, S. L. (2009). Measuring self-regulation in online and blended learning environments....
  • Barnard, L., Paton, V. O., & Lan, W. Y. (2010). Profiles in self-regulated learning in the online learning environment. The International...
  • Barnard, L., Paton, V. O., & Lan, W. Y. (2008). Online self-regulatory learning behaviors as a mediator in the relationship between online...
  • Berger, F., Schreiner, C., Hagleitner, W., Jesacher-Roessler, L., Rossnagl, S., & Kraler, C. (2021). Predicting coping with self-regulated...
  • Bol, L., & Garner, J. K. (2011). Challenges in supporting self-regulation in distance education environments. Journal of Computing in...
  • Bolliger, D. U., & Inan, F. A. (2012). Development and validation of the online student connectedness survey (OSCS). International Review...
  • Bransford, J., Brown, A., & Cocking, R. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, and experience & school. National Academy Press.
  • Britt, M. (2015). How to better engage online students with online strategies. College Student Journal, 49(3), 399–404.
  • Broadbent, J., & Poon, W. L. (2015). Self-regulated learning strategies & academic achievement in online higher education learning...
  • Burrows, P. L. (2010). An examination of the relationship among affective, cognitive, behavioral, and academic factors of student engagement...
  • Chan, C. K. K. (2012). Co-regulation of learning in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: A discussion. Metacognition and...
  • Chang, K., Chen, I., & Sung, Y. (2002). The effect of concept mapping to enhance text comprehension and summarization. The Journal of...
  • Chen, H., Cohen, P., & Chen, S. (2010). How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies....
  • Cho, M.-H., & Cho, Y. (2014). Instructor scaffolding for interaction and students’ academic engagement in online learning: Mediating role...
  • Cho, M.-H., & Jonassen, D. (2009). Development of the human interaction dimension of the self regulated learning questionnaire in asynchronous...
  • Cho, M.-H., & Kim, B. J. (2013). Students’ self-regulation for interaction with others in online learning environments. Internet and Higher...
  • Cho, M.-H., & Summers, J. (2012). Factor validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) in asynchronous online...
  • Cho, M.-H., Demei, S., & Laffey, J. (2010). Relationships between self-regulation and social experiences in asynchronous online learning...
  • Cho, M.-H., Kim, Y., & Choi, D. (2017). The effect of self-regulated learning on college students’ perceptions of community of inquiry...
  • Cho, M.-H., & Cho, Y. (2016). Online instructors’ use of scaffolding strategies to promote interactions: A scale development study. The...
  • Christenson, S. L., Reschly, A. L., Appleton, J. J., Berman-Young, S., Spangers, D., & Varro, P. (2008). Best practices in fostering student...
  • Clark, R., & Kazinou, M. (2001). Promoting metacognitive skills among graduate students in education. http://et.sdsu.edu/RClark/ET640RCMKPOPS2.htm
  • Connell, J. P., & Wellborn, J. G. (1991). Competence, autonomy, and relatedness: A motivational analysis of self-system processes. In...
  • Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (2004). Supporting self-regulation in student-centered Web-based learning environments. International Journal...
  • Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (2005). Using web-based pedagogical tools as scaffolds for self-regulated learning. Instructional Science,...
  • de Jong, F., Kollöffel, B., van der Meijden, H., Staarman, J. K., & Janssen, J. (2005). Regulative processes in individual, 3D and computer-supported...
  • Delen, E., & Liew, J. (2016). The use of interactive environments to promote self-regulation in online learning: A literature review....
  • Dixson, M. D. (2010). Creating effective student engagement in online courses: What do students find engaging? Journal of the Scholarship...
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G * Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social,...
  • Ferguson, C. J. (2009). An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40,...
  • Finn, J. D., & Zimmer, K. S. (2012). Student engagement: What is it? Why does it matter? In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C....
  • Fisher, M., & Baird, D. (2005). Online learning design that fosters student support, self-regulation, and retention. Campus-Wide Information...
  • Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P., & Paris, A. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational...
  • Fryer, L., Bovee, N., & Nakao, K. (2014). E-learning: Reasons students in language learning courses don’t want to. Computers & Education,...
  • Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The Internet and...
  • Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling....
  • He, W., Zhao, L., & Su, Y. S. (2022). Effects of online self-regulated learning on learning ineffectiveness in the context of COVID-19....
  • Hew, K. F., Cheung, W. S., & Ng, C. S. L. (2010). Student contribution in asynchronous online discussion: A review of the research and...
  • Hromalik, C. D., & Koszalka, T. A. (2018). Self-regulation of the use of digital resources in an online language learning course improves...
  • Hu, S., & McCormick, A. C. (2012). An engagement-based student typology and its relationship to college outcomes. Research in Higher Education,...
  • Jang, H., Kim, E. J., & Reeve, J. (2016). Why students become more engaged or more disengaged during the semester: A self-determination...
  • Janse van Rensburg, S. E. (2018). Effective online teaching and learning practices for undergraduate health sciences students: An integrative...
  • Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758–773.
  • Kuh, G. D. (2003). What we’re learning about student engagement from NSSE: benchmarks for effective educational practices. Change The Magazine...
  • Lam, S., Jimerson, S., Wong, B. P. H., Kikas, E., Shin, H., Veiga, F., Hatzichristou, C., Polychroni, F., Cefai, C., Negovan, V., Stanculescu,...
  • Lan, W. Y., Bremer, R., Stevens, T., & Mullen, G. (2004). Self-regulated learning in the online environment. [Paper presentation]. Annual...
  • Lee, J. (2012). Patterns of interaction and participation in a large online course: Strategies for fostering sustainable discussion. Educational...
  • Ley, K., & Young, D. B. (2001). Instructional principles for self-regulation. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(2),...
  • Liu, X., Bonk, C. J., Magjuka, R. J., Lee, S., & Su, B. (2005). Exploring four dimensions of online instructor roles: A program level...
  • Lynch, R., & Dembo, M. (2004). The relationship between self-regulation and online learning in a blended learning context. The International...
  • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., Sugawara, H., & M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling....
  • Manlove, S., Lazonder, A. W., & de Jong, T. (2006). Regulative support for collaborative scientific inquiry. Journal of Computer Assisted...
  • McCormick, C. B. (2003). Metacognition and learning. In I. Weiner, W. Reynolds, & G. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology (Vol. 7, pp....
  • McIsaac, M. S., Blocher, J. M., Mahes, V., & Vrasidas, C. (1999). Student and teacher perceptions of interaction in online computer-mediated...
  • Meng, L., Hua, F., & Bian, Z. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine....
  • Meyer, K. A. (2014). Student engagement in online learning: What works and why. ASHE Higher Education Report, 40(6), 1–114.
  • Muflih, S., Abuhammad, S., Al-Azzam, S., Alzoubi, K. H., Muflih, M., & Karasneh, R. (2021). Online learning for undergraduate health professional...
  • Mullen, G. E., & Tallent-Runnels, M. K. (2006). Student outcomes and perceptions of instructors’ demands and support in online and traditional...
  • Newmann, F. M., Wehlage, G. G., & Lamborn, S. D. (1992). The significance and sources of student engagement. In F. Newmann (Ed.), Student...
  • Olson, J., & Platt, J. (2000). The instructional cycle. Teaching children and adolescents with special needs. Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Pascarella, E. T., Seifert, T. A., & Blaich, C. (2010). How effective are the NSSE benchmarks in predicting important educational outcomes?...
  • Perry, N. E., & Winne, P. H. (2006). Learning from learning kits: Study traces of students’ self-regulated engagements with computerized...
  • Pintrich, P. R. (1999). Understanding interference and inhibition processes from a motivational and self-regulated learning perspective: Comments...
  • Raymond, E. (2000). Cognitive characteristics. In Learners with mild disabilities (pp. 169–201). A Pearson Education Company.
  • Rodriguez, D. (2020). The impact of high school career academies on student academic achievement and engagement. Seton Hall University Dissertations...
  • Rovai, A. P. (2007). Facilitating online discussions effectively. Internet and Higher Education, 10(1), 77–88.
  • Shea, P., Li, C. S., & Pickett, A. (2006). A study of teaching presence and student sense of learning community in fully online and web-enhanced...
  • Shi, S. (2010). Instructor moderating and student engagement in synchronous computer conference. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching,...
  • Sintema, E. J. (2020). Effect of COVID-19 on the performance of Grade 12 students: Implications for STEM Education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics,...
  • Skinner, E. A., Wellborn, J. G., & Connell, J. P. (1990). What it takes to do well in school and whether I’ve got it: A process model...
  • Skinner, E., Furrer, C., Marchand, G., & Kinderman, T. (2008). Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational...
  • Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009a). A motivational perspective on engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization...
  • Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., Connell, J. P., & Wellborn, J. G. (2009b). Engagement and disaffection as organizational constructs...
  • Sun, J. C. Y., & Rueda, R. (2012). Situational interest, computer self-efficacy, and self-regulation: Their impact on student engagement...
  • Van Der Stuyf, R. R. (2002). Scaffolding as a teaching strategy. Adolescent Learning and Development, 52(3), 5–18.
  • Vermunt, J. D., & Verloop, N. (1999). Congruence and friction between learning and teaching. Learning and Instruction, 9, 257–280.
  • Volet, S., Summers, M., & Thurman, J. (2009). High-level co-regulation in collaborative learning: How does it emerge and how is it sustained?...
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
  • Wandler, J., & Imbriale, W. (2017). Promoting undergraduate student self-regulation in online learning environments. Online Learning,...
  • Whipp, J. L., & Chiarelli, S. (2004). Self-regulation in a Web-based course: A case study. Educational Technology Research and Development,...
  • Wolters, C. A., & Rosenthal, H. (2000). The relation between students’ motivational beliefs and their use of motivational regulation strategies....
  • Wolters, C. A., & Taylor, D. J. (2012). A self-regulated learning perspective on student engagement. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly,...
  • Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines,...
  • Woolfolk, A. (2013). Educational psychology (12th ed.). Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
  • Yan, Z. (2020). Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented shift, and unprecedented opportunity. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(2),...
  • Yu, J., Huang, C., Han, Z., He, T., & Li, M. (2020). Investigating the influence of interaction on learning persistence in online settings:...
  • Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Yang, L., & Wang, C. (2020). Suspending classes without stopping learning: China’s education emergency management...
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1986). Becoming a self-regulated learner: Which are the key subprocesses? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11, 307–313.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 329–339.
  • Zimmerman, B. J., & Martinez-Pons, M. (1986). Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning...