Are there Gender Differences between Skills and Job Performance in Public Management Positions?

• Ana M. Castaño ^[1] ; Mónica Zuazua-Vega ^[1] ; Dianna L. Stone ^[2] ; Antonio L. García-Izquierdo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Oviedo

     Universidad de Oviedo

     Oviedo, España

     
  2. [2] University of New Mexico

     University of New Mexico

     Estados Unidos

     
• Localización: Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology, ISSN 1576-5962, Vol. 40, Nº 2, 2024, págs. 119-129
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.5093/jwop2024a10
• Títulos paralelos:
  • ¿Hay diferencias de género en las habilidades y el desempeño laboral de los puestos directivos en el sector público?
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Las Administraciones Públicas se enfrentan al reto de la mejora continua de sus procesos para adecuarse a los estándares éticos y de cumplimiento normativo. En este estudio se examina en qué medida factores no relevantes para el trabajo, como el género y la antigüedad en el trabajo, pueden tener un mayor impacto en el desarrollo de la carrera del personal directivo que factores relevantes para el trabajo, como las habilidades y el desempeño laboral. Para ello, se obtuvo la participación de 412 directivos y directivas del sector público de diferentes rangos, mostrando los datos que la antigüedad en el trabajo y la orientación a la innovación son los principales predictores del desempeño laboral, además del género. Asimismo, el comportamiento contraproducente de los hombres era superior al de las mujeres. Como conclusión principal se destaca la necesidad de una revisión de los procesos de recursos humanos en la gestión de las Administraciones Públicas, así como la utilización de modelos de competencias para lograr procedimientos más justos y mejorar la gobernanza ética de este sector.

  • English

    Public administrations are facing the challenge of continuous improvement of processes to meet both ethical and compliance standards. This study examines the extent to which non-job relevant factors (gender and tenure) may have a greater impact on managers’ positions than job-relevant factors (skills and job performance) in the public sector. Our study with 412 public incumbent managers in different rank positions revealed that tenure and the innovation orientation skill, and gender are the main predictors to upper positions. Moreover, men have shown higher levels of counterproductive performance than women. This highlights the need for a review of human resources processes and the implementation of competency-based management models to achieve fairer procedures and improved ethical public governance.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Alcover, C. M., Fernández-Salinero, S., Topa, G., & Desmette, D. (2022). Family care-work interference and mid/late-career motivation...
  • Álvarez-Gutiérrez, F. J., Stone, D. L., Castaño, A. M., & García-Izquierdo, A. L. (2022). Human resources analytics: A systematic review...
  • Amillano, A., Baniandrés, J., & Gartzia, L. (2020). Integral human development through servant leadership and psychological androgyny....
  • Andrés, J. C., Aguado, D., & García-Izquierdo, A. L. (2023). Big Four Linkedin dimensions: Signals of soft skills? Journal of Work and...
  • Anessi-Pessina, E., & Sicilia, M. (2020). Do top managers’ individual characteristics affect accounting manipulation in the public sector?...
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Anand, V. (2003). The normalization of corruption in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25(1), 1-52....
  • Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human...
  • Boselie, P., Van Harten, J., & Veld, M. (2021). A human resource management review on public management and public administration research:...
  • Campbell, J. P. (1990). Modelling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette &...
  • Campion, M. A., Fink, A. A., Ruggeberg, B. J., Carr, L., Phillips, G. M., & Odman, R. B. (2011). Doing competencies well: Best practices...
  • Carpini, J. A., Luksyte, A., Parker, S. K., & Collins, C. G. (2023). Can a familiar gender stereotype create a not-so-familiar benefit...
  • Castaño, A. M., Fontanil, Y., & García-Izquierdo, A. L. (2019). “Why can’t I become a manager?”—a systematic review of gender stereotypes...
  • Castaño, A. M., & García-Izquierdo, A. (2019). Competency vocational training as a strategy for improving public management. Aula Abierta,...
  • Castaño, A. M., Zuazua, M., & García-Izquierdo, A. L. (2023). Development, measurement and validation of a managerial competency model...
  • Cifre, E., Vera, M., & Signani, F. (2015). Women and men at work: Analyzing occupational stress and well-being from a gender perspective....
  • Cuadrado, I., Morales, J. F., & Recio, P. (2008). Women’s access to managerial positions: An experimental study of leadership styles and...
  • Curtin, J., Kerby, M., & Dowding, K. (2023). Sex, gender, and promotion in executive office: Cabinet careers in the world of Westminster....
  • Davison, B. (2003). Management span of control: How wide is too wide? Journal of Business Strategy, 24(4), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/02756660310494854
  • DeNisi, A. S., & Murphy, K. R. (2017). Performance appraisal and performance management: 100 years of progress? Journal of Applied Psychology,...
  • Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes...
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression...
  • Figueroa, E. B., & Roca, B. (2021). Gender inequality and female agency in the outsourced public sector. Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales,...
  • García-Izquierdo, A. L., Moscoso, S., & Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J. (2012). Reactions to the fairness of promotion methods: Procedural justice...
  • García-Izquierdo, A. L., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., & Lubiano, M. A. (2020). Developing biodata for public manager selection purposes: A...
  • García-Izquierdo, M. G., & García-Izquierdo, A. L. (2006). Utility of composed versus multiple criteria under discriminative efficiency...
  • Grabowski, D., Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Chrupała-Pniak, M., Mello, A. L., & Paruzel-Czachura, M. (2019). Work ethic and organizational commitment...
  • Guillén, L., & Kunze, F. (2019). When age does not harm innovative behavior and perceptions of competence: Testing interdepartmental collaboration...
  • Hambrick, D. C. (2007). Upper echelons theory: An update. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 334-343. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20159303
  • Hassan, M., & O’Mealia, T. (2020). Representative bureaucracy, role congruence, and Kenya’s gender quota. Governance, 33(4), 809-827....
  • Hatmaker, D. M., & Hassan, S. (2023). When do women receive managerial support? The effects of gender congruence and the manager-employee...
  • Heilman, M. E. (1983). Sex bias in work settings: The lack of fit model. Research in Organizational Behavior, 57(4), 657-674. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00234
  • Hoang, T., Suh, J., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). Beyond a numbers game? impact of diversity and inclusion on the perception of organizational...
  • Hofmann, D. A., & Kriska. S. D. (2009). Performance and seniority. Human Performance, 3(2), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup0302_3
  • Hoyt, C. L., & Murphy, S. E. (2016). Managing to clear the air: Stereotype threat, women, and leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3),...
  • Hunter, J. E., Schmidt, F. L., & Le, H. (2006). Implications of direct and indirect range restriction for meta-analysis methods and findings....
  • Johnston, K. (2019). Women in public policy and public administration? Public Money & Management, 39(3), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2018.1534421
  • Kaptein, M., & van Helvoort, M. (2019). A model of neutralization techniques. Deviant Behavior, 40(10), 1260-1285. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2018.1491696
  • Kholin, M., Kückelhaus, B., & Blickle, G. (2020). Why dark personalities can get ahead: Extending the toxic career model. Personality...
  • Kryshtanovych, S., Treshchov, M., Durman, M., Lopatchenko, I., & Kernova, M. (2021). Gender parity in public administration in the context...
  • Kuok, A. C. H., Teixeira, V., Forlin, C., Monteiro, E., & Correia, A. (2020). The effect of self-efficacy and role understanding on teachers’...
  • Kurz, R., & Bartram, D. (2002). Competency and individual performance: Modelling the world of work. In I. T. Robertson, M. Callinan, &...
  • Latorre, M. F. (2011). La gestión de recursos humanos y el desempeño laboral [Human resource management and job performance] (Ph.D. Thesis)....
  • Levenson, A. R., Van der Stede, W. A., & Cohen, S. G. (2006). Measuring the relationship between managerial competencies and performance....
  • Martinko, M. J., Gundlach, M. J., & Douglas, S. C. (2002). Toward an integrative theory of counterproductive workplace behavior: A causal...
  • McDaniel, M. A., Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1988). Job experience correlates of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,...
  • Merton, R. K. (1940). Bureaucratic structure and personality. Social Forces, 18(4), 560-568. https://doi.org/10.2307/2570634
  • Morgeson, F. P., Reider, M. H., & Campion, M. A. (2005). Selecting individuals in team settings: The importance of social competences,...
  • Moscoso, S., García-Izquierdo, A. L., & Bastida, M. (2010). Reactions to women affirmative actions. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo...
  • Narayan, A. K. (2016). An ethical perspective on performance measurement in the public sector. Pacific Accounting Review, 28(4), 364-372....
  • Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2013). Does longer job tenure help or hinder job performance? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 305-314....
  • Nunes, F., Martins, L., & Duarte, H. (2007). Competency management in EU public administrations –EUPAN Human Resources Working Group....
  • Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and...
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on...
  • Powell, G. N., & Butterfield, D. A. (2022). Aspirations to top management over five decades: A shifting role of gender? Gender in Management:...
  • Quiñones, M., Ford, J. K., & Teachout, M. S. (1995). The relationship between work experience and job performance: A conceptual and metaanalyitic...
  • Ramos, A., Latorre, F., Tomás, I., & Ramos, J. (2022). Women’s promotion to management and unfairness perceptions—a challenge to the social...
  • Ripoll, G., Hernández., E., & Ballart, X. (2023). Are highly public service–motivated individuals immune to common causes of unethical...
  • Salgado, J. F. (2023). Predictive validity and equal treatment of “competition” as a selection method for state treasury inspectors and treasury...
  • Salgado, J. F., Anderson, N., Moscoso, S., Bertua, C., & De Fruyt, F. (2003). International validity generalization of GMA and cognitive...
  • Salgado, J. F., & Moscoso, S. (2008). Personnel selection in industry and Public Administration: from the traditional view to the strategic...
  • Salgado, J. F., Moscoso, S., García-Izquierdo, A. L., & Anderson, N. R. (2017). Inclusive and discrimination-free personnel selection....
  • Schein, V. E., & Davidson, M. J. (1993). Think manager, think male. Management Development Review, 6(3), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000000738
  • Schmidt, F. L., Hunter, J. E., & Outerbridge, A. N. (1986). Impact of job experience and ability on job knowledge, work sample performance,...
  • Schminke, M., Cropanzano, R., & Rupp, D. E. (2002). Organization structure and fairness perceptions: The moderating effects of organizational...
  • Schneider, B. (1987). The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40(3), 437-453. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00609.x
  • Schuh, S. C., Cai, Y., Kaluza, A. J., Steffens, N. K., David, E. M., & Haslam, S. A. (2021). Do leaders condone unethical pro-organizational...
  • Serneels, P. (2008). Human capital revisited: The role of experience and education when controlling for performance and cognitive skills....
  • Spencer, S. J., Logel, C., & Davies, P. G. (2016). Stereotype threat. Annual Review of Psychology, 67(1), 415-437. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-073115-103235
  • Sperber, S., Täuber, S., Post, C., & Barzantny, C. (2023). Gender data gap and its impact on management science—reflections from a European...
  • Steffens, N. K., Shemla, M., Wegge, J., & Diestel, S. (2014). Organizational tenure and employee performance: A multilevel analysis. Group...
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In J. T. Jost & J. Sidanius (Eds.), Political...
  • Tesluk, P. E., & Jacobs, R. (1998). Toward an integrated model of work experience. Personnel Psychology, 51(2), 321-355. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00728.x
  • Tharenou, P., Latimer, S., & Conroy, D. (1994). How do you make it to the top? An examination of influences on women’s and men’s managerial...
  • Umphress, E. E., Bingham, J. B., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010). Unethical behavior in the name of the company: The moderating effect of organizational...
  • Villoria, M., & Izquierdo, A. (2016). Ética púbica y buen gobierno [Public ethics and good governance]. Tecnos.
  • Wallin, L., Pousette, A., & Dellve, L. (2014). Span of control and the significance for public sector managers’ job demands: A multilevel...
  • Wiernik, B. M., & Ones, D. S. (2018). Ethical employee behaviors in the consensus taxonomy of counterproductive work behaviors. International...
  • Wang, B., Andrews, W., & de Vries, R. E. (2023). HOT and Attractive? The Hazardous Organization Tool as an Instrument to avoid attracting...