Revisión de los factores protectores y predisponentes en la traumatización vicaria de los psicoterapeutas

• Autores: Sandra Fernández, Juan M. Guiote, Elena Miró Morales
• Localización: Papeles del psicólogo, ISSN-e 1886-1415, ISSN 0214-7823, Vol. 45, Nº. 2, 2024 (Ejemplar dedicado a: DÉCIMA EDICIÓN DE TEST EDITADOS EN ESPAÑA), págs. 65-72
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.23923/pap.psicol.3034
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Review of Protective and Predisposing Factors in the Vicarious Traumatization of Psychotherapists
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1 (pdf)   2 (pdf) 
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    El impacto en la salud mental de los psicoterapeutas que abordan traumas representa un campo de estudio escasamente investigado. Esta revisión se centra en los factores protectores y predisponentes del trauma vicario en psicoterapeutas.

    De 202 artículos indexados en las bases de datos Proquest, Web of Science, Scopus y Pubmed, 22 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron factores predisponentes tales como menor experiencia, tratar un elevado número de casos de trauma, traumas previos del psicoterapeuta, juventud, género femenino, limitado sentido de sí mismo y de la vida, tener creencias religiosas y ejercicio profesional en el sector privado. En contraste, surgieron como protectores el apoyo social percibido, diversas estrategias de afrontamiento, disponer de supervisión clínica y factores ligados a la personalidad. Adicionalmente, se evidencia y discute la posible interrelación entre el trauma vicario y el estrés postraumático secundario. Los hallazgos resaltan el impacto de la exposición indirecta al trauma en la salud mental de los psicoterapeutas, subrayando la necesidad de implementar programas de prevención e intervención para quienes se dedican profesionalmente a sanar las heridas traumáticas de otros

  • English

    The impact on psychotherapists’ mental health when addressing traumas is an area of research that has scarcely been investigated. This review focuses on the protective and predisposing factors of vicarious trauma in psychotherapists.

    Out of 202 indexed articles in Proquest, Web of Science, Scopus, and Pubmed databases, 22 met the inclusion criteria. Predisposing factors such as limited experience, treating a high number of trauma cases, psychotherapists’ prior traumas, young age, female gender, limited sense of self and of life, having religious beliefs, and professional practice in the private sector were identified. Protective factors that emerged were perceived social support, coping strategies, having clinical supervision, and some personality-linked factors. Additionally, the potential interrelation between vicarious trauma and secondary post-traumatic stress is demonstrated and discussed. The findings underscore the impact of indirect trauma exposure on psychotherapists’ mental health, emphasizing the need to implement prevention and intervention programs for those professionally dedicated to healing the traumatic wounds of others

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