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This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale and the Contentment of Sources of Self-Worth Scale for adult Japanese respondents and examined the relationships between contingencies of self-worth, contentment of sources of self-worth, and self-esteem in Japanese people. A web-based survey including the above scales was administered to 500 Japanese adults, and factor analysis of the results for the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale and the Contentment of Sources of Self-Worth Scale revealed the following five factors: athletic competence, enthusiastic activity, friendships, prosocial behavior, and appearance. Construct validity was verified by calculating the correlation coefficients for the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale, the Contentment of Sources of Self-Worth Scale, and the Self-Esteem Scale. Internal consistency verification was verified through alpha coefficients. Two scales with sufficient degree of validity and reliability were developed after determining construct validity and internal consistency. High and low groups were formed according to the Mean±1 SD for each factor of contingencies of self-worth, and a single regression analysis was conducted with self-esteem as the objective variable and the factors of contentment of sources of self-worth as the explanatory variable. From this, athletic competence, enthusiastic activity, friendships, prosocial behavior, and appearance all predicted self-esteem, except for the low group, with low self-worth in athletic competence. The background of the predictors of self-esteem for athletic competence, enthusiastic activity, friendships, prosocial behavior, and appearance was examined. One possible explanation why prosocial behavior predicted self-esteem could be that high contentment of sources of self-worth in prosocial behavior could lead to greater acceptance by others, including significant others, and an adaptive lifestyle, which would lead to higher self-esteem.
