Desarrollo temprano de la capacidad de mentalización, principales precursores neuropsicológicos y sus alteraciones

• Flores Lázaro, Julio ^[1]
  1. [1] Hospital psiquiátrico infantil DJNN
• Localización: Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos de Psicología, ISSN 1657-3412, ISSN-e 2346-0253, Vol. 2021, Nº. 2, 2021 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Revista Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos de Psicología Vol. 21 No. 2), págs. 1-18
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.18270/chps..v2021i2.3784
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La mentalización es una capacidad neuropsicológica que permite la interacción entre personas, y el reconocimiento de estados mentales, deseos, y pensamientos propios y de los demás. Esta capacidad presenta competencias tempranas desde los primeros meses de vida. En este artículo se presenta una revisión narrativa de la literatura, dividida en dos secciones: la primera incluye los principales precursores neuropsicológicos que soportan y fomentan el desarrollo normal de la capacidad de mentalización en infantes y niños preescolares: la percepción visual, la búsqueda de mirada/ rostro, las respuestas de expresiones faciales, la atención conjunta y el reconocimiento de emociones. En la segunda sección se revisa la afectación de estos precursores en niños con trastorno del espectro autista. El conocimiento de las principales dimensiones del desarrollo temprano de la mentalización permitirá contar con mejores herramientas profesionales para la evaluación y detección temprana de alteraciones. Por ende, se podrá realizar una intervención eficaz con respecto a la mentalización, la cual se ve afectada en diversos trastornos del desarrollo.

  • English

    Mentalization is a neuropsychological capacity that allows interaction between people, and the recognition of mental states, desires, and thoughts of oneself and others. This capacity presents early competences from the first months of life.This article presents a narrative review of the literature, divided in two sections, the first one includes the main precursors that support and encourage the development of mentalization capacity in infants and preschool children: visual perception, gaze / face search, facial expression responses, joint attention, and recognition of emotions.The second section, is dedicated to the population  with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The knowledge of the main characteristics of early development of this capacity, having the best professional tools for the evaluation and early detection of alterations, which entails an effective intervention, in the various developmental disorders in which it is affected.

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