Descripción de factores que contribuyen al estigma público y sus efectos en la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad visual

• Palencia Florez, Diana Cristina ^[1] ; Oviedo Cáceres, María del Pilar ^[2] ; Giraldo Gallo, Erika Alejandra ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad CES

     Universidad CES

     Colombia

     
  2. [2] Universidad Santo Tomás

     Universidad Santo Tomás

     Santiago, Chile

     
• Localización: Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, ISSN-e 1946-2026, Vol. 35, Nº. 1, 2024 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Transformations and emerging problems in the world of work - Section 2; 14 – 29), págs. 72-83
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.55611/reps.3501.07
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Contributing factors to public stigma and its effects in the quality of life on people with visual impairment
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    El propósito de este estudio es describir desde referentes teóricos los factores que contribuyen al estigma público de las personas con discapacidad visual y sus efectos en la calidad de vida. Hicimos una revisión sistemática exploratoria, que incluyó búsqueda independiente y por duplicado en: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, APA PsycNet, SAGE Journals, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, Psychology & Behavioral sciences collection, SocINDEX. Se revisaron 193 artículos y finalmente sólo 9 fueron incluidos. Como parte del análisis, encontramos cinco factores que contribuyen al estigma público: percepción cultural de la discapacidad, uso del bastón blanco, deterioro de la red de apoyo familiar y social, identidad social devaluada y el ocularcentrismo. También, identificamos cinco efectos de la estigmatización: bajos niveles de autoaceptación, reacciones afectivas negativas, discriminación, deterioro de la calidad de vida y rechazo al uso de ayudas no ópticas. El temor de la persona a ser reconocida con deficiencia visual (p.ej. al usar dispositivos de apoyo) dado que visibilizan un rasgo estigmatizante, influye en la adherencia a procesos de rehabilitación.

  • English

    We pretend to describe from theoretical references the factors that contribute to the public stigma of people with visual impairment and its effects on their quality of life. An exploratory systematic review was conducted, including independent and duplicate search of: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, APA PsycNet, SAGE Journals, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, Psychology & Behavioral sciences collection, SocINDEX. The findings included the factors that contribute to public stigma are cultural perception of disability, use of the white cane, deterioration of the family and social support network, devalued social identity, ocularcentrism, among others. The effects of stigmatization include low levels of self-acceptance, negative affective reactions, discrimination, deterioration of quality of life, rejection of the use of non-optical aids, among others. The conclusion is that the fear of being recognized as visually impaired is identified when using assistive devices, since this way a stigmatizing feature is made visible, which influences adherence to rehabilitation processes.

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