Propiedades psicométricas de la batería neuropsicológica: evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas y cognición social en niños escolares (EFECS)

• Daniel Hernández-Torres ^[1] ; Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez ^[1] ; José I. Martínez-Guerrero ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

     Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

     México

     
• Localización: Revista Chilena de Neuropsicología, ISSN 0718-0551, Vol. 17, Nº. 1, 2023, págs. 29-38
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Psychometric properties of the neuropsychological battery: evaluation of executive functions and social cognition in school children (EFECS)
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) permiten realizar exitosamente conductas encaminadas a metas, mientras que la cognición social (CS) son los procesos responsables de realizar conductas sociales diversas y flexibles. Ambos se encuentran alterados en los trastornos del neurodesarrollo, como en el TDAH, siendo de importancia para el diagnóstico y la intervención, particularmente en la edad escolar. El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad analizar las subpruebas que componen una batería neuropsicológica computarizada denominada “Evaluación de las Funciones Ejecutivas y Cognición Social en Niños de Edad Escolar (EFECS)” y describir sus propiedades psicométricas en dos grupos de niños, uno con desarrollo típico (n= 138) y otro con TDAH (n= 96). Se obtuvieron niveles de consistencia interna aceptables (coeficientes alfa de Cronbach de .70 a .85). Mediante el análisis factorial (exploratorio y confirmatorio) se evidenció que los reactivos cargaron y ajustaron en los factores esperados teóricamente para cada constructo, además de que las tareas de FE discriminaron en un 73.9% y las de CS en un 53.9% la pertenencia de un niño con TDAH a su grupo clínico. Los análisis mostraron buenas propiedades psicométricas por lo que EFECS puede servir como herramienta para la evaluación y diagnóstico en diferentes poblaciones clínicas.

  • English

    Executive functions (EF) enable to engage successfully goal-directed behaviors, while Social Cognition (SC) are the processes that subserve diverse and flexible social behaviors. Both are altered in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ADHD, being of great importance for the diagnosis and intervention, particularly at school age. The present study aims to analyze the subtests that compose a computerized neuropsychological battery named: "Evaluation of Executive Functions and Social Cognition in School-Age Children (EFECS)" and to describe its psychometric properties in two groups of children, one of typical development (n= 138) and another with ADHD (n= 96). Acceptable internal consistency levels were obtained, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients from .70 to .85. Through factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory), evidence was provided that the items loaded and adjusted in the theoretically expected factors for each construct, in addition to that the FE tasks discriminated in 73.9% and the CS in 53.9% the belonging of a child with ADHD to his clinical group. The analyzes showed good psychometric properties of EFECS battery, so it can serve as a tool for the assessment and diagnosis in different clinical populations.

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