Resultados en psicoterapia individual de adultos desde la perspectiva de los Sistemas Dinámicos: una revisión sistemática

• Autores: Augusto Mellado, Claudio Martínez Guzmán, Alemka Tomicic, Mariane Krause
• Localización: Terapia psicológica, ISSN 0718-4808, ISSN-e 0716-6184, Vol. 40, Nº. 2, 2022, págs. 231-256
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.4067/s0718-48082022000200231
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• Resumen

  • Existe un variado número de investigaciones que emplea nociones de la perspectiva de sistemas dinámicos(SD) para describir procesos de cambio en psicoterapia, conceptualizándolo como un sistema no linealautoorganizado que presenta procesos emergentes y variaciones estructurales. Se realizó una revisiónsistemática de la investigación en psicoterapia individual con pacientes adultos abordada desde estaperspectiva. La revisión se sustentó en la metodología PRISMA rastreando los principales conceptos de laperspectiva SD aplicados a la psicoterapia individual de adultos (entre 1997 y 2019), en los idiomas inglés yespañol, utilizando las bases de datos electrónicas PsycINFO y ProQuest. La selección final incluyó 34estudios, tanto estudios de caso como estudios naturalistas, que abordaron diferentes variables de proceso yresultado de la psicoterapia. Los resultados resaltan la forma en que dichos conceptos ayudan a comprenderel cambio de los pacientes como un proceso no lineal, destacando sus características de autoorganización,transiciones desde estados que generan sufrimiento psicológico a estados más saludables, y la formación depatrones emergentes en diferentes etapas de la psicoterapia. Se discuten algunos aspectos derivados (p.e.rol de la alianza, y de las intervenciones clínicas) que pueden ser abordados en el trabajo terapéutic

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