Indicadores de depresión y factores de apoyo social percibido en universitarios

• Muñoz-Alonso, Hector ^[2] ; Archila-Bonilla, Diana ^[1] ; Meza-Santa María, Katherine ^[1] ; González-Aguilar, Donald ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

     Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

     Guatemala

     
  2. [2] Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemal
• Localización: Psicología UNEMI, ISSN-e 2602-8379, Vol. 7, Nº. 12 (Enero- junio), 2023, págs. 100-109
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.29076/issn.2602-8379vol7iss12.2023pp100-109p
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Depression indicators and factors of perceived social support in university students
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Resumen: El proceso de graduación en las universidades conlleva la realización de un servicio social de atención profesional que implica que el estudiante esté expuesto a factores adversos, pudiendo afectar la salud mental y propiciar la aparición de depresión; una forma en la que se puede disminuir la aparición de tal trastorno es por medio de la percepción del apoyo social. El objetivo fue conocer si el apoyo social percibido predice indicadores de depresión. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, transversal con alcance correlacional predictivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, obteniendo 421 estudiantes de la Universidad Pública de Guatemala, con el método de análisis de regresión lineal se obtuvo la siguiente ecuación: indicadores de depresión = 17.794 (intercepto) - 0.292 (apoyo social percibido de terceros) - 0.440 (apoyo social percibido de familiares), obteniendo un modelo significativo F (2, 491) = 57.70, p = < .001. Se puede concluir que la aparición de indicadores de depresión está relacionada al detrimento en los factores de apoyo social; sin embargo, se debe continuar estudiando el papel del apoyo social en la depresión, ante los nuevos panoramas que se han presentado ante las modalidades a distancia e híbridas.

  • English

    Abstract: The graduation process in universities involves the realization of social professional attention that implies that the student is exposed to adverse factors, which can affect the mental health and lead to the emergence of depression; one way in which the occurrence of such a disorder can be decreased is through the perception of social support. The objective was to know if perceived social support predicts indicators of depression. A non-experimental, cross-sectional quantitative approach with predictive correlational scope was used. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience, obtaining 421 students from the Public University of Guatemala, with the linear regression analysis method the following equation was obtained: depression indicators = 17,794 (intercept) - 0.292 (perceived social support from third parties) - 0.440 (perceived social support from relatives), obtaining a significant model F (2, 491) = 57.70, p = < .001. It can be concluded that the appearance of indicators of depression is related to the detriment in social support factors; however, the role of social support in depression should continue to be studied, given the new scenarios that have arisen in the face of distance and hybrid modalities.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abbas, J., Aqeel, M., Abbas, J., Shaher, B., Jaffar, A., Sundas, J., & Zhang, W. (2019). The moderating role of social support for marital...
  • Al-Khani, A. M., Sarhandi, M. I., Zaghloul, M. S., Ewid, M., & Saquib, N. (2019). A cross-sectional survey on sleep quality, mental health,...
  • Almaleki, D. A. (2021). Challenges Experienced Use of Distance-Learning by High School Teachers Responses to Students with Depression. International...
  • American Psychiatric Association (2014). Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales 5a ed. (DSM-5). Madrid: Editorial Médica...
  • Arroll, B., Goodyear-Smith, F., Crengle, S., Gunn, J., Kerse, N., Fishman, T., Falloon, K., & Hatcher, S. (2010). Validation of PHQ-2...
  • Arslan, G. & Yıldırım, M. (2021). Coronavirus stress, meaningful living, optimism, and depressive symptoms: a study of moderated mediation...
  • Bakken, N. W. (2019). Risk Factors and Correlates of Self-Injurious Behavior and Suicidal Ideation among College Students. Deviant Behavior,...
  • Barrera, A., Neira-Cofré, M., Raipán-Gómez, P., Riquelme-Lobos, P., & Escobar, B. (2019). Apoyo social percibido y factores sociodemográficos...
  • Botero, M. O., Molano, S. B., & Arias, M. A. M. (2018). Recursos personales y redes de apoyo en el tránsito del joven a la universidad....
  • Bum, C.H. & Jeon, I.K. (2016). Structural relationships between students’ social support and self-esteem, depression, and happiness. Social...
  • Chavajay, P. (2013). Perceived Social Support among International Students at a U.S. University. Psychological Reports, 112(2), 667–677. https://doi.org/10.2466/17.21.PR0.112.2.667-677
  • El-Monshed, A. & Amr, M. (2020). Association between perceived social support and recovery among patients with schizophrenia. International...
  • El-Zoghby, S. M., Soltan, E. M., & Salama, H. M. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Social Support among Adult...
  • George, L. K., Blazer, D. G., Hughes, D. C., & Fowler, N. (1989). Social Support and the Outcome of Major Depression. British Journal...
  • Gomez, D. & Iluffi, I. (2020). Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido en Adolescentes Chilenos. Revista Liminales. Escritos...
  • Gutiérrez, M., Tomás, J. M., & Pastor, A. M. (2021). Apoyo social de familia, profesorado y amigos, ajuste escolar y bienestar subjetivo...
  • Harandi, T. F., Taghinasab, M. M., & Nayeri, T. D. (2017). The correlation of social support with mental health: A meta-analysis. Electronic...
  • Hollingsworth, D. W., Slish, M. L., Wingate, L. R., Davidson, C. L., Rasmussen, K. A., O’Keefe, V. M., … Grant, D. M. (2017). The indirect...
  • Jibeen, T. (2016). Perceived social support and mental health problems among Pakistani university students. Community mental health journal,...
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
  • Kelly, M. E., Duff, H., Kelly, S., Power, J. E., Brennan, S., Lawlor, B. A., & Loughrey, D. G. (2017). The impact of social activities,...
  • Kelifa, M. O., Yang, Y., Carly, H., Bo, W., & Wang, P. (2020). How Adverse Childhood Experiences Relate to Subjective Well Being in College...
  • Kim, J., Kim, M., & Han, A. (2018). Exploring the relationship between types of leisure activities and life satisfaction, health perception,...
  • Kokou-Kpolou, C. K., Jumageldinov, A., Park, S., Nieuviarts, N., Noorishad, P.-G., & Cénat, J. M. (2020). Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms...
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  • Lakey, B. & Cohen, S. (2000). Social support theory and measurement. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social...
  • Lara, A. & Ponce, M. (2021). El concepto de ansiedad, un indicador de salud mental. In M. Ponce & D. Sojuel (Eds), Salud mental en...
  • Lee, C. S., Goldstein, S. E., Dik, B. J., & Rodas, J. M. (2020). Sources of social support and gender in perceived stress and individual...
  • Lee, J. S., Mathews, A., Shergill, S., & Yiend, J. (2016). Magnitude of negative interpretation bias depends on the severity of depression....
  • LeMoult, J. & Gotlib, I. H. (2018). Depression: A cognitive perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.008
  • LeMoult, J., Kircanski, K., Prasad, G., & Gotlib, I. H. (2016). Negative Self-Referential Processing Predicts the Recurrence of Major...
  • Levin, R. L., Heller, W., Mohanty, A., Herrington, J. D., & Miller, G. A. (2007). Cognitive deficits in depression and functional specificity...
  • Lin, N., Ye, X., & Ensel, W. M. (1999). Social Support and Depressed Mood: A Structural Analysis. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,...
  • Liu, C. H., Stevens, C., Conrad, R. C., & Hahm, H. C. (2020). Evidence for elevated psychiatric distress, poor sleep, and quality of life...
  • López-Angulo, Y., Cobo-Rendón, R., Pérez-Villalobos, M., & Díaz-Mujica, A. (2021). Apoyo social, autonomía, compromiso académico e intención...
  • López-Angulo, Y., Pérez-Villalobos, M., Cobo-Rendón, R., & Díaz-Mujica, A. (2020). Apoyo social, sexo y área del conocimiento en el rendimiento...
  • Lucas-Molina, B., Pérez-Albéniz, A., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., & Ortuño-Sierra, J. (2015). Programas Educativos Universitarios Para Mayores:...
  • Malhi, G. S. & Mann, J. J. (2018). Depression. The Lancet, 2(382) 2299–2312 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31948-2
  • Monroy, L. A. V. & Ramírez, C. M. F. (2016). La familia como red de apoyo social en estudiantes universitarios que ingresan a primer semestre....
  • Pan, J., Zaff, J. F., & Donlan, A. E. (2017). Social support and academic engagement among reconnected youth: Adverse life experiences...
  • Park, Y. (2017). Effects of Depression, Self-Esteem, and Social Support on Suicidal Ideation in College Students. Child Health Nursing Research,...
  • Obregón-Morales, B., Montalván-Romero, J. C., Segama-Fabian, E., Dámaso-Mata, B., Panduro-Correa, V., & Arteaga-Livias, K. (2020). Factores...
  • Othman, N., Ahmad, F., El Morr, C., & Ritvo, P. (2019). Perceived impact of contextual determinants on depression, anxiety and stress:...
  • Quintero, C. & Gil, V. (2021). Depresión en estudiantes universitarios derivada del Covid-19: un modelo de clasificación. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos...
  • Roca, M., Vives, M., & Gili, M. (2016). Funciones ejecutivas en la depresión. Psiquiatría Biológica, 23(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1134-5934(17)30050-7
  • Shao, R., He, P., Ling, B., Tan, L., Xu, L., Hou, Y., … Yang, Y. (2020). Prevalence of depression and anxiety and correlations between depression,...
  • Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United...
  • Tang, Z., Feng, S., & Lin, J. (2021). Depression and its correlation with social support and health-promoting lifestyles among Chinese...
  • Thomas, T. L., Muliyala, K. P., Jayarajan, D., Angothu, H., & Thirthalli, J. (2019). Vocational challenges in severe mental illness: a...
  • Vungkhanching, M., Tonsing, J. C., & Tonsing, K. N. (2016). Psychological Distress, Coping and Perceived Social Support in Social Work...
  • World Health Organization (2017) Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/W?sequence=1
  • Xerri, M. J., Radford, K., & Shacklock, K. (2017). Student engagement in academic activities: a social support perspective. Higher Education,...
  • Xu, Y. (2019). Role of Social relationship in predicting health in China. Social Indicators Research, 141(2), 669–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1822-y
  • Ye, Z., Yang, X., Zeng, C., Wang, Y., Shen, Z., Li, X., & Lin, D. (2020). Resilience, social support, and coping as mediators between...
  • Yamada, Y., Klugar, M., Ivanova, K., & Oborna, I. (2014). Psychological distress and academic self-perception among international medical...
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of...