Vías de atención a pacientes con un primer episodio de psicosis: Un estudio multicéntrico y multiétnico

• Alejandra Caqueo Urízar ^[1] ; Matías Irarrázaval ^[2] ; Alejandro Cuadra Peralta ^[1] ; Alfonso Urzúa ^[3]
  1. [1] Universidad de Tarapacá

     Universidad de Tarapacá

     Arica, Chile

     
  2. [2] Universidad de Chile

     Universidad de Chile

     Santiago, Chile

     
  3. [3] Universidad Católica del Norte

     Universidad Católica del Norte

     Antofagasta, Chile

     

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• Localización: Universitas psychologica, ISSN 1657-9267, Vol. 22, Nº. 1, 2023
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy22.pcpf
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Pathways to Care for Patients with a First Episode of Psychosis: A Multicentric and Multiethnic Study*
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las vías de atención para pacientes con una aparición reciente de psicosis y determinar si éstas se ven afectadas significativamente por el origen étnico y las creencias causales del trastorno. Participaron 252 pacientes con esquizofrenia en tratamiento ambulatorio (116 Aymara y 136 No Aymara) con un promedio de edad de 35.6 años (DE = 12.5) de centros públicos de salud mental de Arica, Chile (33.6 %), Tacna, Perú (33.6 %) y La Paz, Bolivia (32.8 %) y el cuidador principal. Se entrevistó respecto a sus contactos de búsqueda de ayuda utilizando un cuestionario semiestructurado. El 64.7 % de los pacientes contactó inicialmente a un médico general para solicitar ayuda, mientras que sólo el 14 % consultó a un psicólogo y el 12 % se refirió a Yatiri (curanderos). Los principales factores asociados al hecho de evitar una vía distinta fueron la presencia de un familiar o amigo de apoyo y la presencia de un médico general. Se concluye que la principal vía de acceso a los servicios psiquiátricos para pacientes con una reciente aparición de psicosis entre las minorías étnicas andinas es a través de un médico general, mientras que una pequeña parte de esta población depende de los curanderos de la comunidad.

  • English

    The aim of this study is to describe the care pathways for patients with a recent onset of psychosis and to determine whether these routes are significantly affected by ethnicity and causal beliefs about this disorder. A total of 252 patients with schizophrenia in outpatient treatment (116 Aymara and 136 Non-Aymara) with a mean age of 35.6 years (SD = 12.5) from public mental health centers in Arica, Chile (33.6 %), Tacna, Peru (33.6 %) and La Paz, Bolivia (32.8 %) and their primary caregivers participated. They were interviewed regarding their help-seeking contacts using a semi-structured questionnaire. Out of the total patients, 64.7 % initially contacted a general practitioner for help, while only 14 % went to see a psychologist and 12 % sought a Yatiri (healers). The main factors associated with avoidance of a different route were the presence of a supportive family member or friend and the presence of a general practitioner. It is concluded that the main route of access to psychiatric services for patients with a recent onset of psychosis among Andean ethnic minorities is through a general practitioner, while a small portion of this population relies on community healers.

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