Mediating and Moderating Variables in the Relationship Between Emotional Demands and Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion

• Esther Cuadrado ^[1] ; Mónica Jiménez-Rosa ^[1] ; María Ruiz-García ^[1] ; Carmen Tabernero ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad de Córdoba

     Universidad de Córdoba

     Cordoba, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad de Salamanca

     Universidad de Salamanca

     Salamanca, España

     
• Localización: Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology, ISSN 1576-5962, Vol. 40, Nº 1, 2024, págs. 31-39
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.5093/jwop2024a3
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Variables mediadoras y moderadoras de la relación entre exigencias emocionales y agotamiento emocional en docentes
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1    2 (pdf) 
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Los docentes tienden a sufrir un nivel elevado de agotamiento emocional, variable que se asocia con una mala salud mental y un bajo desempeño laboral. El estudio analiza cómo interactúan en la prevención del agotamiento emocional de los docentes las exigencias emocionales, la disonancia emocional y la autoeficacia para afrontar el estrés. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación de carácter longitudinal, 108 profesores andaluces (57.3% mujeres, edad media = 45.30, DT = 8.68) cumplimentaron una encuesta online en tres momentos distintos. El análisis de mediación moderada indicaba que la disonancia emocional mediaba la relación existente entre las exigencias emocionales y el agotamiento emocional, actuando como moderadora entre ambos la autoeficacia. Los profesores que percibieron exigencias emocionales elevadas vieron aumentar su grado de disonancia emocional, lo que a su vez aumentó el agotamiento emocional. Además, la autoeficacia actuó como factor protector del agotamiento emocional, amortiguando el efecto negativo de la disonancia emocional. Reforzar estas variables protectoras a través de intervenciones que aumenten el grado de autoeficacia para afrontar el estrés y reduzcan la disonancia emocional podría ayudar a prevenir el agotamiento emocional de los docentes.

  • English

    Teachers tend to suffer high levels of emotional exhaustion, a variable that is associated with poor mental health and lower job performance. The present study analyzed how emotional demands, emotional dissonance, and self-efficacy to cope with stress interact in predicting teachers’ emotional exhaustion. To conduct this longitudinal research, 108 Andalusian teachers (57.3% women; mean age = 45.30, SD = 8.68) completed an online survey at three different time points. Moderated mediation analysis suggested that emotional dissonance mediated the relationship between emotional demands and emotional exhaustion, with self-efficacy acting as a moderator between the two. Teachers who perceived high emotional demands saw their levels of emotional dissonance increase, which in turn led to an increase in emotional exhaustion. In addition, self-efficacy acted as a protective factor against emotional exhaustion, buffering the negative effect of emotional dissonance. Strengthening these protective variables through interventions that increase levels of self-efficacy to cope with stress and reduce levels of emotional dissonance could help prevent teachers’ emotional exhaustion.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Andela, M., & Truchot, D. (2017). Emotional dissonance and burnout: The moderating role of team reflexivity and re-evaluation. Stress...
  • Andela, M., Truchot, D., & Van der Doef, M. (2016). Job stressors and burnout in hospitals: The mediating role of emotional dissonance....
  • Arce, R., Fariña, F., Novo, M., & Seijo, D. (2012). Efecto del sistema de enseñanza en el rendimiento académico, burnout experimentado...
  • Baeriswyl, S., Bratoljic, C., & Krause, A. (2021). How homeroom teachers cope with high demands: Effect of prolonging working hours on...
  • Bakker, A. B., & Heuven, E. (2006). Emotional dissonance, burnout, and in-role performance among nurses and police officers. International...
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. In Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. American Psychological...
  • Casassús, J. (2007). La educación del ser emocional. Editorial Cuarto.
  • Cejudo, J., & López-Delgado, M. L. (2017). Importancia de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica docente: un estudio con maestros. Psicologia...
  • Chacón Corzo, C. (2006). Las creencias de autoeficacia: un aporte para la formación del docente de inglés. Acción Pedagógica, 15(1), 44-54.
  • Cuadrado, E., Tabernero, C., Fajardo, C., Luque, B., Arenasa, A., Moyano, M., & Castillo-Mayén, R. (2021). Type D personality individuals:...
  • de Puelles Casenave, C. (2009). Exigencia y carga emocional del trabajo policial: la intervención policial ante catástrofes y emergencias...
  • Dicke, T., Marsh, H. W., Parker, P. D., Kunter, M., Schmeck, A., & Leutner, D. (2014). Self-efficacy in classroom management, classroom...
  • Fernández Arata, M. (2008). Burnout, autoeficacia y estrés en maestros peruanos: tres estudios fácticos. Ciencia & Trabajo, 30, 120-125.
  • Gil-Monte, P. R. (2002). Validez factorial de la adaptación al español del Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Salud Publica de Mexico,...
  • González, G., Carrasquilla, D., Latorre de la Rosa, G., Torres, V., & Villamil, K. (2015). Síndrome de burnout en docentes universitarios...
  • Grau Martín, A. (2007). Cómo prevenir el burnout: diferentes definiciones e interpretaciones. Gestión Práctica de Riesgos Laborales, 43, 18-27....
  • Grau, R., Salanova, M., & Peiró, J. M. (2001). Moderator effects on self-efficacy on occupational stress. Psychology in Spain, 5(1), 63-74.
  • Guglielmi, R. S., & Tatrow, K. (1998). Occupational stress, burnout, and health in teachers: A methodological and theoretical analysis....
  • Heuven, E., & Bakker, A. (2003). Emotional dissonance and burnout among cabin attendants. European Journal of Work and Organizational...
  • Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. University of California Press.
  • Karatepe, O. M., & Dare Aleshinloye, K. (2009). Emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion among hotel employees in Nigeria. International...
  • Kwak, H., McNeeley, S., & Kim, S. H. (2018). Emotional labor, role characteristics, and police officer burnout in South Korea: The mediating...
  • Lewig, K. A., & Dollard, M. F. (2003). Emotional dissonance, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction in call centre workers. European...
  • Mababu, R. M. (2016). La relación entre el burnout y el rendimiento laboral en los profesionales de hostelería /The relationship between burnout...
  • Makara-Studziska, M., Golonka, K., & Izydorczyk, B. (2019). Self-efficacy as a moderator between stress and professional burnout in firefighters....
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981a). Maslach Burnout Inventory manual. Consulting.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981b). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Maslach, C., & Pines, A. (1977). The burn-out syndrome in the day care setting. Child Care Quarterly, 6(2), 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01554696
  • Mazzetti, G., Guglielmi, D., & Topa, G. (2020, June). Hard enough to manage my emotions: How hardiness moderates the relationship between...
  • Molino, M., Emanuel, F., Zito, M., Ghislieri, C., Colombo, L., & Cortese, C. G. (2016). Inbound call centers and emotional dissonance...
  • Moncada, S., Llorens, C., Andrés, R., Moreno, N., & Molinero, E. (2014). Manual del método CoPsoQ-istas21 para la evaluación y la prevención...
  • Moreno, B., Garrosa, E., & González, J. L. (2000). El desgaste profesional de enfermería. Desarrollo y validación factorial del CDPE,...
  • Muñoz, A. C. P., Gómez-Restrepo, C., Rodríguez, V., Dávila, M., Avella-García, C. B., Caballero, A., Vives, N., Mora, L. S., Márquez, G.,...
  • Otero-López, J. M., Santiago, M. J., & Castro, C. (2008). An integrating approach to the study of burnout in University Professors. Psicothema,...
  • Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs and mathematical problem-solving of gifted students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21(4),...
  • Peng, K. Z., Wong, C. S., & Che, H. S. (2010). The missing link between emotional demands and exhaustion. Journal of Managerial Psychology,...
  • Pines, A., & Aronson, E. (1988). Career burnout: Causes and cures. Free Press.
  • Pugliesi, K. (1999). The consequences of emotional labor: Effects on work stress, job satisfaction and well-being. Motivation and Emotion,...
  • Rafaeli, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1987). Expression of emotion as part of the work role. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306444
  • Rivera-Torres, P., Araque-Padilla, R. A., & Montero-Simó, M. J. (2013). Job stress across gender: The importance of emotional and intellectual...
  • Rodríguez, J. A., Guevara, A., & Viramontes, E. (2017). Síndrome de burnout en docentes. IE Revista de Investigación Educativa de La Rediech,...
  • Rudow, B. (1999). Stress and burnout in the teaching profession: European studies, issues and research perspectives. In R. Vanderbergue &...
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2009). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14(3),...
  • Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2007). Efficacy or inefficacy, that’s the question: Burnout and work engagement, and their relationships...
  • Simbula, S., Mazzetti, G., & Guglielmi, D. (2019). A three-wave study on the reciprocal relationships between emotional dissonance, need...
  • Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Dimensions of teacher burnout: relations with potential stressors at school. Social Psychology...
  • Tabernero, C., Arenas, A., & Briones, E. (2009). 20 Self-efficacy training programs to cope with highly demanding work situations and...
  • Tuxford, L. M., & Bradley, G. L. (2015). Emotional job demands and emotional exhaustion in teachers. Educational Psychology, 35(8), 1006-1024....
  • Vammen, M. A., Mikkelsen, S., Forman, J. L., Hansen, Å. M., Bonde, J. P., Grynderup, M. B., Kolstad, H., Kaerlev, L., Rugulies, R., &...
  • van Gelderen, B., Heuven, E., van Veldhoven, M., Zeelenberg, M., & Croon, M. (2007). Psychological strain and emotional labor among police-officers:...
  • Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision making. In Journal...
  • World Health Organization. (2019). Burn-out an "occupational phenomenon": International Classification of Diseases. https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/frequently-asked-questions/burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon
  • Yulianti, P., & Nur Madina, N. (2018). Antecedent burnout: Emotional job demand, emotional display rules, emotional dissonance. KnE Social...