Malestar psicológico y envejecimiento: Análisis psicométrico del DASS-21 y relaciones estructurales con calidad de sueño y apoyo social.: Malestar psicológico y envejecimiento:

• Cancino, Vicente ^[1] ; Terán-Mendoza, Oscar ^[1] ; Medina-Valdebenito, Damián
  1. [1] Universidad de La Frontera

     Universidad de La Frontera

     Temuco, Chile

     
• Localización: Anuario de psicología, ISSN 0066-5126, Vol. 54, Nº. 1, 2024, págs. 54-62
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1344/ANPSIC2024.54.6
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    El DASS-21 es un cuestionario que permite medir el malestar psicológico relacionado con síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés; se ha utilizado principalmente en niños y adolescentes siendo escasa la evidencia respecto a su uso en personas mayores. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas de este instrumento a través del análisis de su estructura factorial y relación con medidas de apoyo social percibido y calidad del sueño en una muestra de adultos y personas mayores chilenas. El modelo bifactor es el que mejor se ajusta a los datos [χ² (85) = 264.365, p < .001; CFI = .984; TLI = .980; RMSEA = .043 (IC90% .033 – .053); SRMR = .045], a partir del cual se puede evidenciar que la mayor proporción de varianza es explicada por el factor general. Además, mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales se evidenció que la variable latente de malestar psicológico se relaciona de manera inversa con la calidad de sueño y recibe un efecto directo significativo del apoyo social percibido. En conclusión, el DASS-21 es un instrumento válido, confiable y de sencilla aplicación, que puede ser utilizado en adultos y personas mayores tanto en investigación como en el abordaje clínico primario.

  • English

    The DASS-21 is a questionnaire that measures psychological distress related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; it has been used mainly in children and adolescents and there is little evidence regarding its use in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of this instrument through the analysis of its factorial structure and relationship with measures of perceived social support and sleep quality in a sample of Chilean adults and elderly people. The bifactor model is the one that best fits the data [χ² (85) = 264.365, p < .001; CFI = .984; TLI = .980; RMSEA = .043 (CI90% .033 - .053); SRMR = .045], from which it can be evidenced that the greatest proportion of variance is explained by the general factor. In addition, structural equation modeling showed that the latent variable of psychological distress is inversely related to sleep quality and receives a significant direct effect of perceived social support. In conclusion the DASS-21 is a valid, reliable, and easy to apply instrument, which can be used in adults and the elderly both in research and in the primary clinical approach.

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