Concerns About Inequality in Health, Education and Income Jointly Predict Collective Actions

• Autores: Francisco Miguel Soler-Martínez, Efraín García Sánchez, Guillermo B. Willis
• Localización: Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, ISSN 0120-0534, Vol. 55, Nº. 0, 2023, págs. 99-108
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.14349/rlp.2023.v55.12
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Las preocupaciones por la desigualdad en salud, educación e ingresos predicen conjuntamente las acciones colectivas
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Resumen Introducción: La desigualdad de ingresos a menudo se tolera y justifica, pero cuando esta conlleva desigualdades en otros ámbitos de la vida (e.g., salud o educación), puede que se vea con ojos diferentes. En este artículo tratamos de explorar la preocupación por la desigualdad económica en salud, educación e ingresos, así como su relación con el apoyo a acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Método: Usamos datos secundarios (N = 20 204, 18 países) del Latinobarómetro 2020. Llevamos a cabo análisis descriptivos, análisis de clases latentes y análisis de regresión multinivel. Resultados: Encontramos que la gente estaba más preocupada por el acceso a la salud y las oportunidades en educación que por la desigualdad en el ingreso. También identificamos dos perfiles de personas: unas preocupadas por la educación y la salud, y otras poco preocupadas por la desigualdad en ninguno de los ámbitos. Además, los resultados mostraron que todas las preocupaciones y los distintos perfiles predecían un mayor apoyo a las acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos preliminares sugieren que la preocupación por las desigualdades en salud y educación podrían servir para aumentar la conciencia sobre la desigualdad general y movilizar al público.

  • English

    Abstract Introduction: Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective actions to reduce inequality. Method: We used survey data (N = 20,204, 18 countries) from the Latinobarometer 2020. We conducted descriptive analyses, latent class analyses, and analyses of multilevel linear regression to test our hypothesis. Results: We found that people were more concerned about health access and education opportunities than income inequality. We also identified two classes of people: one class concerned about education and health and the other unconcerned about inequality in any domain. In addition, results showed that all concerns and class membership predicted greater support of collective actions to reduce inequality. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that concerns about education and health disparities may serve to increase awareness of overall inequality and mobilise the public.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Barr, A.,Miller, L.. (2020). The effect of education, income inequality and merit on inequality acceptance. Journal of Economic Psychology....
  • Blofield, M.,Hoffmann, B.,Llanos, M.. (2020). Assessing the Political and Social Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis in Latin America. (GIGA Focus...
  • Breen, R.,Chung, I.. (2015). Income inequality and education. Sociological Science. 2. 454
  • Castillo, J. C.,García-Castro, J. D.,Venegas, M. (2022). Perception of economic inequality: Concepts, associated factors and prospects of...
  • Castillo, J. C.,Miranda, D.,Carrasco, D. (2012). Perception of economic inequality in Chile: Measurement, differences and determinants. Psykh....
  • Cecchini, S.,Filgueira, F.,Robles, C.. (2014). Social protection systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: A comparative view. Comisión...
  • (2020). Corporación Latinobarómetro Latinobarómetro 2020 (Data set). LAT-2020 V1.0.
  • Daniels, J. P.. (2021). Colombians protest over inequities and health care. The Lancet,. 397. 2454
  • Díaz Pabón, F. A.,Palacio Ludeña, M. G.. (2020). The ‘Great Regression’ and the protests to come in Latin America. (SALDRU Working Paper No....
  • Dubrow, J. K.,Slomczynski, K. M.,Tomescu-Dubrow, I.. (2008). Effects of democracy and inequality on soft political protest in Europe: Exploring...
  • García-Castro, J. D.,García-Sánchez, E.,Montoya-Lozano, M.,Rodríguez-Bailón, R.. (2021). The perception of economic inequality in everyday...
  • García-Castro, J. D.,Willis, G. B.,Rodríguez-Bailón, R.. (2019). I know people who can and who cannot: A measure of the perception of economic...
  • García-Sánchez, E.,García-Castro, J. D.,Willis, G. B.,Rodríguez-Bailón, R.. (2022). Percepción de desigualdad económica en la vida cotidiana...
  • García-Sánchez, E.,Osborne, D.,Willis, G. B.,Rodríguez-Bailón, R.. (2020). Attitudes towards redistribution and the interplay between perceptions...
  • García-Sánchez, E.,Willis, G. B.,Rodríguez-Bailón, R.,García-Castro, J. D.,Palacio-Sañudo, J.,Polo, J.,Rentería-Pérez, E.. (2018). Perceptions...
  • Howarth, D.,Marteau, T. M.,Coutts, A. P.,Huppert, J. L.,Pinto, P. R.. (2019). What do the British public think of inequality in health, wealth,...
  • Huenupi, L. S.. (2021). Collective action and political strategy of the university movement: From the struggle for education to the social...
  • Jachimowicz, J.,Davidai, S.,Goya-Tocchetto, D.,Szaszi, B.,Day, M. V.,Tepper, S. J.,Phillips, L. T.,Mirza, M. U.,Ordabayeva, N.,Hauser, O....
  • Jasso, G.,Törnblom, K. Y.,Sabbagh, C.. (2016). Distributive justice. In C. Sabbagh & M. Schmitt (Eds.), Handbook of social justice theory...
  • Jetten, J.,Peters, K.,Álvarez, B.,Casara, B. G. S.,Dare, M.,Kirkland, K.,Sánchez-Rodríguez, Á.,Selvanathan, H. P.,Sprong, S.,Tanjitpiyanond,...
  • Jo, J. I.,Choi, H. J.. (2019). Enigmas of grievances about inequality: Effects of attitudes toward inequality and government redistribution...
  • Justino, P.,Martorano, B.. (2016). Inequality, distributive beliefs and protests: A recent story from Latin America (IDS Working Paper 467)....
  • Kim, E. J.,Marrast, L.,Conigliaro, J.. (2020). COVID-19: Magnifying the effect of health disparities. Journal of General Internal Medicine....
  • (2018). London School of Economics and Political Science. Multidimensional inequality framework.
  • Macchia, L.,Ariely, D.. (2021). Eliciting preferences for redistribution across domains: A study on wealth, education, and health. Analyses...
  • Nava, A.,Grigera, J.. (2022). Pandemia y protesta social en América Latina: tendencias, actores y demandas de la conflictividad social y laboral...
  • Nylund, K. L.,Asparouhov, T.,Muthén, B. O.. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling:...
  • (2016). OECD PISA 2015 results (Volume I): Excellence and equity in education. PISA, OECD Publishing.
  • (2019). OECD Health at a glance 2019: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing.
  • (2021). OECD Does inequality matter?: How people perceive economic disparities and social mobility. OECD Publishing.
  • Ortiz, I.,Burke, S.,Berrada, M.,Saenz Cortés, H.. (2020). World protests. A study of key protest issues in the 21st century. Palgrave Macmillan....
  • Pedersen, R. T.,Mutz, D. C.. (2019). Attitudes toward economic inequality: The illusory agreement. Political Science Research and Methods....
  • (2022). R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  • Rodríguez-Bailón, R.. (2020). Inequality viewed through the mirror of COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychology. 35. 647
  • Solt, F.. (2015). Economic inequality and nonviolent protest. Social Science Quarterly. 96. 1314
  • Starmans, C.,Sheskin, M.,Bloom, P.. (2017). Why people prefer unequal societies. Nature Human Behaviour. 1. 1-7
  • (2022). United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Index (HDI). Human development reports.
  • (1948). United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (217A).
  • UNU-WIDER. World Income Inequality Database (WIID) (Version).
  • van Stekelenburg, J.,Klandermans, B.. (2013). The social psychology of protest. Current Sociology. 61. 886-905
  • van Zomeren, M.,Postmes, T.,Spears, R.. (2008). Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research...
  • Weller, B. E.,Bowen, N. K.,Faubert, S. J.. (2020). Latent class analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology. 46. 287-311
  • Willis, G. B.,García-Sánchez, E.,Sánchez-Rodríguez, Á.,García-Castro, J. D.,Rodríguez-Bailón, R.. (2022). The psychosocial effects of economic...
  • (2022). World Bank. World development indicators. Data Bank.