Comparación Social negativa: La influencia de la Ansiedad, la Regulación Emocional y el Uso Problemático de Redes Sociales

• Adrian Díaz-Moreno ^[1] ; Iván Bonilla ^[1] ; Andrés Chamarro ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

     Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

     Barcelona, España

     
• Localización: Ansiedad y estrés, ISSN 1134-7937, Vol. 29, Nº 3 ((September - December 2023)), 2023, págs. 181-186
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5093/anyes2023a22
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes son el grupo demográfico que más utiliza las redes sociales para poder comunicarse con sus iguales. Pese a ser un lugar que conecta a las personas, las redes sociales se han visto invadidas por publicaciones modificadas por filtros que provocan que los propios jóvenes, y en especial, las mujeres, se vean expuestas a ideales de belleza irreales, y que, a su vez, acaben comparándose de forma negativa y ascendente ante estos. Debido a este aumento de la comparación social entre las mujeres, el objetivo de este estudio fue observar si la ansiedad, el uso problemático de redes sociales (PSMU) y la regulación emocional estaban asociados con la comparación ascendente y si había diferencias entre géneros. Una muestra de 176 adolescentes y adultos jóvenes completó una encuesta en línea que incluía el Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, el Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, el Negative Social Media Comparison Scale y la subescala Reparación del Trait Meta-Mood Scale, además de responder a otros datos demográficos y hábitos de uso de redes sociales. Los resultados mostraron que la ansiedad y el uso problemático de redes sociales aumentaban la comparación social negativa, que la regulación emocional la disminuía, y que las mujeres tendían a compararse más que los hombres. Los resultados manifiestan la necesidad de diseñar acciones educativas dirigidas a la población adolescente y joven, especialmente de género femenino, para protegerla ante los usos perjudiciales de las redes sociales.

  • English

    Most social media users are adolescents and young adults, and they use them to communicate with their peers. Despite being a place that can bring people together, social media have been invaded by publications modified by filters that can cause young people, and especially women, to be exposed to unreal beauty ideals. In turn, these girls end up comparing themselves negatively or upwardly to them. Due to this social comparison increase among women, the aim of this study was to observe if anxiety, problematic social media use (PSMU) and emotion regulation were associated with upward social comparison, and if there were gender differences. 176 adolescents and young adults took an online survey that included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Negative Social Media Comparison Scale and the Repair subscale from the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, as well as demographic data and habits regarding their social media use. Results showed that anxiety and PSMU increased the negative social comparison while emotion regulation decreased it. In addition, women tended to compare themselves more than men. The results from our study showed the need to design educational actions aimed at adolescents and young adults to protect them from the harmful uses of social media, and especially, aimed at women.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship...
  • Arrivillaga, C., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2020). Adolescents’ problematic internet and smartphone use is related to suicide ideation:...
  • Aubry, R., Quiamzade, A., & Meier, L. L. (2024). Depressive symptoms and upward social comparisons during Instagram use: A vicious circle....
  • Bazarova, N. N., & Choi, Y. H. (2014). Self-Disclosure in Social Media: Extending the Functional Approach to Disclosure Motivations and...
  • Bergagna, E., & Tartaglia, S. (2018). Self-esteem, social comparison, and Facebook use. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 14(4), 831-845....
  • Biglbauer, S., & Lauri Korajlija, A. (2023). Do socially anxious and non-anxious individuals differ in their social media use? Computers...
  • Bocci, E., & Pascarella, C. (2023). Polemical Social Representations in Social Media: “Snapchat Dysmorphia”. Psychology Hub, Vol. 40 No....
  • Bottaro, R., & Faraci, P. (2022). The Use of Social Networking Sites and Its Impact on Adolescents’ Emotional Well-Being: A Scoping Review....
  • Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Do selfie-expectancies and social appearance anxiety predict adolescents’ problematic...
  • Brown, B. B. (2004). Adolescents’ Relationships with Peers. En R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (1.a...
  • Büttner, C. M., Lalot, F., & Rudert, S. C. (2023). Showing with whom I belong: The desire to belong publicly on social media. Computers...
  • Butzer, B., & Kuiper, N. A. (2006). Relationships between the frequency of social comparisons and self-concept clarity, intolerance of...
  • Chae, J. (2017). Virtual makeover: Selfie-taking and social media use increase selfie-editing frequency through social comparison. Computers...
  • Colmenero-Navarrete, L., García-Sancho, E., & Salguero, J. M. (2022). Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Suicide Ideation and...
  • Dailey, S. L., Howard, K., Roming, S. M. P., Ceballos, N., & Grimes, T. (2020). A biopsychosocial approach to understanding social media...
  • Daros, A. R., Haefner, S. A., Asadi, S., Kazi, S., Rodak, T., & Quilty, L. C. (2021). A meta- analysis of emotional regulation outcomes...
  • Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2005). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: Predictive and incremental validity...
  • Faelens, L., Hoorelbeke, K., Soenens, B., Van Gaeveren, K., De Marez, L., De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. W. (2021). Social media use and...
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202
  • Flores-Kanter, P. E., Moretti, L., & Medrano, L. A. (2021). A narrative review of emotion regulation process in stress and recovery phases....
  • Fox, J., & Vendemia, M. A. (2016). Selective Self-Presentation and Social Comparison Through Photographs on Social Networking Sites. Cyberpsychology,...
  • Gan, W. Y., Mohd Nasir, M. T., Zalilah, M. S., & Hazizi, A. S. (2011). Direct and indirect effects of sociocultural influences on disordered...
  • García-Campayo, J., Zamorano, E., Ruiz, M. A., Pérez-Páramo, M., López-Gómez, V., & Rejas, J. (2012). The assessment of generalized anxiety...
  • Gomez, M., Klare, D., Ceballos, N., Dailey, S., Kaiser, S., & Howard, K. (2022). Do You Dare to Compare?: The Key Characteristics of Social...
  • Green, M. A., Scott, N. A., Cross, S. E., Liao, K. Y., Hallengren, J. J., Davids, C. M., Carter, L. P., Kugler, D. W., Read, K. E., &...
  • Guimond, S., Branscombe, N. R., Brunot, S., Buunk, A. P., Chatard, A., Désert, M., Garcia, D. M., Haque, S., Martinot, D., & Yzerbyt,...
  • He, D., Shen, X., & Liu, Q.-Q. (2020). The relationship between upward social comparison on SNSs and excessive smartphone use: A moderated...
  • Helfert, S., & Warschburger, P. (2013). The face of appearance-related social pressure: Gender, age and body mass variations in peer and...
  • Hoge, E., Bickham, D., & Cantor, J. (2017). Digital Media, Anxiety, and Depression in Children. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement_2), S76-S80....
  • Isakowitsch, C. (2023). How Augmented Reality Beauty Filters Can Affect Self-perception. En L. Longo & R. O’Reilly (Eds.), Artificial...
  • JASP Team (2023). JASP (Version 0.18.1.0) [Computer software]
  • Javornik, A., Marder, B., Barhorst, J. B., McLean, G., Rogers, Y., Marshall, P., & Warlop, L. (2022). ‘What lies behind the filter?’ Uncovering...
  • Kemp, S. (2023). Digital 2023: Global Overview Report. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-october-global-statshot
  • Kingsbury, M., Reme, B.-A., Skogen, J. C., Sivertsen, B., Øverland, S., Cantor, N., Hysing, M., Petrie, K., & Colman, I. (2021). Differential...
  • Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosunta , . B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Uses and Gratifications of Problematic Social Media Use Among...
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care: Prevalence, Impairment,...
  • Lev-Ari, L., Baumgarten-Katz, I., & Zohar, A. H. (2014). Show Me Your Friends, and I Shall Show You Who You Are: The Way Attachment and...
  • Lewin, K. M., Ellithorpe, M. E., & Meshi, D. (2022). Social comparison and problematic social media use: Relationships between five different...
  • Lin, R., & Utz, S. (2015). The emotional responses of browsing Facebook: Happiness, envy, and the role of tie strength. Computers in Human...
  • Liu, Q.-Q., Zhou, Z.-K., Yang, X.-J., Niu, G.-F., Tian, Y., & Fan, C.-Y. (2017). Upward social comparison on social network sites and...
  • Lopez Canales, D. (14 de abril de 2022). Cirugías en la era Instagram: “¿Ves cómo me pone los labios este filtro? ¡Así los quiero!”. ElDiario....
  • Lup, K., Trub, L., & Rosenthal, L. (2015). Instagram #Instasad?: Exploring Associations Among Instagram Use, Depressive Symptoms, Negative...
  • Mancin, P., Cerea, S., Bottesi, G., & Ghisi, M. (2023). Instagram use and negative and positive body image: The relationship with following...
  • Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and...
  • McCarthy, P. A., & Morina, N. (2020). Exploring the association of social comparison with depression and anxiety: A systematic review...
  • Miller, L. A., & McIntyre, J. (2023). From surgery to Cyborgs: A thematic analysis of popular media commentary on Instagram filters. Feminist...
  • Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009). Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal...
  • Ozimek, P., Bierhoff, H.-W., & Hamm, K. M. (2022). How we use Facebook to achieve our goals: A priming study regarding emotion regulation,...
  • Pisani, A. R., Wyman, P. A., Petrova, M., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Goldston, D. B., Xia, Y., & Gould, M. S. (2013). Emotion Regulation Difficulties,...
  • Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional...
  • Samra, A., Warburton, W. A., & Collins, A. M. (2022). Social comparisons: A potential mechanism linking problematic social media use with...
  • Schmuck, D., Karsay, K., Matthes, J., & Stevic, A. (2019). “Looking Up and Feeling Down”. The influence of mobile social networking site...
  • Tiraboschi, G. A., Garon-Carrier, G., Smith, J., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2023). Adolescent internet use predicts higher levels of generalized...
  • Twenge, J. M., & Martin, G. N. (2020). Gender differences in associations between digital media use and psychological well-being: Evidence...
  • Vandenbosch, L., & Eggermont, S. (2012). Understanding Sexual Objectification: A Comprehensive Approach Toward Media Exposure and Girls’...
  • Verrastro, V., Fontanesi, L., Liga, F., Cuzzocrea, F., & Gugliandolo, M. C. (2020). Fear the Instagram: Beauty stereotypes, body image...
  • Walker, C. E., Krumhuber, E. G., Dayan, S., & Furnham, A. (2021). Effects of social media use on desire for cosmetic surgery among young...
  • Wang, J.-L., Wang, H.-Z., Gaskin, J., & Hawk, S. (2017). The Mediating Roles of Upward Social Comparison and Self-esteem and the Moderating...
  • Wetherall, K., Robb, K. A., & O’Connor, R. C. (2019). An Examination of Social Comparison and Suicide Ideation Through the Lens of the...
  • Wickramaratne, P. J., Yangchen, T., Lepow, L., Patra, B. G., Glicksburg, B., Talati, A., Adekkanattu, P., Ryu, E., Biernacka, J. M., Charney,...
  • Yang, C., & Bradford Brown, B. (2016). Online Self-Presentation on Facebook and Self Development During the College Transition. Journal...
  • Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Hawes, T., Scott, R. A., Campbell, T., & Webb, H. J. (2023). Adolescents’ online appearance preoccupation: A 5-year...