Acceso usuarios
Edith María De Lavalle Vásquez, José A. Sánchez Medina
El estudio de la construcción de la identidad cultural asume que el desarrollo de la cognición del individuo se da a partir de su vida en sociedad. Es decir, en este proceso son relavantes tanto las funciones mentales como el contexto sociocultural, ambos aspectos que hacen parte de la misma unidad de análisis que se caracteriza por ser compleja e interactiva. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer los elementos a través de los cuales se organizan los recuerdos autobiográficos en la construcción de la identidad cultural en los grupos étnicos wayuu y wiwa. En el estudio participaron 260 sujetos, 140 de la etnia wayuu y 120 de la etnia wiwa –tanto del género femenino como masculino, con un rango de edad que oscilaba entre 20 y 60 años de edad– a través de entrevistas individuales e historias de vida. El procesamiento de datos se realizó con el IBM SPSS Software® Versión 24. El análisis estadístico de los datos observacionales se realizó con el uso de técnicas de análisis denominadas chi-cuadrado y HILOGLINEAR (Análisis Jerárquicos Logarítmicos Lineales). Los resultados indicaron que todas las interacciones entre los recuerdos autobiográficos y la pertenencia al grupo étnico, la edad y el género resultaron significativas. En referencia a la relación entre la etnia del participante y la estructura del recuerdo autobiográfico, ambos grupos étnicos articularon sus relatos basados en experiencias personales, bien sean organizadas como sucesos personales o como prácticas cotidianas, y sobre la base de factores más genéricos como los rituales o los eventos de carácter histórico.
The study of the construction of cultural identity assumes that the development of the individual's cognition occurs from their life in society; in this process, both the mental functions and the sociocultural context are relevant, both aspects that are part of the same unit of analysis that is characterized by being complex and interactive. From this theoretical perspective assumed by this study on cultural identity, language and autobiographical memory are relevant, the latter being understood as the memories that people have of themselves, including statements and beliefs that the persons have about themselves. In this sense, it is understood that identity is constructed; it is not something pre-existing to the individual, but rather that the acts of identification are situated in some social practices and a historical context. For this reason, this study tries to answer the role that the experiences of the individual have, their experiences concerning their community in the construction of their cultural identity. The objective of this study was to know the elements through which autobiographical memories are organized in the construction of cultural identity in the wayuu and wiwa ethnic groups. Two hundred sixty subjects participated in the study, 140 from the wayuu ethnic group and 120 from the wiwa ethnic group, both female and male, from 20 to 60 years old. The main criterion for selecting the sample was that all the subjects belonged to the two ethnic groups studied. The sample was divided into two groups belonging to an ethnic group, either wayuu or wiwa. Within each group, subdivisions were made, taking into account gender and age. Individual interviews and life stories were used; 260 interviews were carried out between the two ethnic groups. For its part, the life history was used to ratify the events found in the first phase. To apply this technique, 12 subjects were selected for each age range for a total of 144 life stories between the two ethnic groups.The data processing was carried out with the IBM SPSS Software®️ Version 24. The statistical analysis of the observational data was carried out using analysis techniques called Chi-square and HILOGLINEAR (Hierarchical Logarithmic Linear Analysis). These are techniques specially designed for qualitative data analysis. The analysis carried out in this study is based on the logistic model. In these models, a series of variables is defined as explanatory of another that is considered a response variable. Results indicated that all interactions between autobiographical memories and ethnicity, age, and gender were significant. In reference to the relationship between the participant's ethnic group and the structure of the autobiographical memory, both ethnic groups articulate their stories based on personal experiences, whether they are organized as personal events or as daily practices and based on more general factors such as rituals or events of a historical nature. The wayuu articulate their autobiographical memory around personal events and rituals insofar as these are relevant events in life; the participants remember them because the events marked a time in their existence. The wiwas articulate their autobiographical memory around daily practices linked to the work of the land. Considering it as the "Mother Earth or Mother Nature," this being the source of their nourishment. In the same way, historical events such as "el pagamento" are very important since they consider it a collective event that clearly marks their cultural tradition which allows them to maintain it as an element of identity.
