Acceso usuarios
Jorge Camilo Rhenals Ramos
, Elena Betegón Blanca, María Jesús Irurtia Muñiz, Mónica Esther Castillo Gómez, Jairo Rodríguez Medina
El Programa Psicomotor de Estimulación para el Desarrollo Infantil en Comunidades Vulnerables (PEDICV) se creó, desde la extensión universitaria, como una estrategia para favorecer el neurodesarrollo en menores vulnerables en edad preescolar en los municipios de Sahagún y Lorica en Colombia. Esta investigación tuvo como propósito principal analizar la eficacia del PEDICV sobre el desarrollo psicomotor en preescolares de comunidades socialmente vulnerables de Lorica en Colombia. En el estudio participaron 100 alumnos de preescolar de ambos sexos de un Centro educativo (CE) urbano al norte de Colombia, con edades comprendidas entre 4 y 6 años (M = 4.51, DE = .59). Se formaron dos grupos comparativos: un grupo experimental compuesto por 51 menores en edad preescolar que recibieron estimulación psicomotora con el PEDICV (seleccionados al azar para participar en el grupo de intervención) y otro grupo control de 49 preescolares que no la recibió. La ejecución del programa presentó efectos positivos en todas las variables analizadas (d > .5) y diferencias importantes a favor del grupo que realizó la estimulación psicomotora (p < .05). No se presentaron diferencias de sexo en los preescolares tras la ejecución del PEDICV. Los hallazgos alcanzados respaldaron la importancia de la estimulación psicomotora y su efecto sobre la salud y el desarrollo. Por tanto, se sugirió continuar con la ejecución del mismo con programas similares en menores en edad preescolar de comunidades socialmente vulnerables y no vulnerables.
The effective detection and fast intervention of the psychomotor disorders form a truly relevant opportunity in order to benefit the complete development and health of preschool minors who are under hazardous Cognitive Content conditions due to their social and financial disadvantages. Recent literacy reports that such hazardous conditions are possible to reduce based on the intervention of diverse social and educational environments which are the outcome of implementing psychomotor programs. Indeed, the Program for Stimulation of Children Development living at Vulnerable Communities (PEDICV, for its Colombian acronym), was created, from the Universidad de Córdoba’s Extension Department, as a strategy in order to benefit minors’ neurological development in those socially vulnerable communities at the towns of Sahagún and Lorica, located on Colombia’s North-Eastern Caribbean area whereas it is understood that such social networks are regarded as high risk because of their above-mentioned social and economic adverse conditions. The main purpose of this research was to analyze the PEDICV effectiveness on preschool children’s neurological development located at Lorica, Córdoba, Colombia, in which 100 preschool minors whose ages ranged between 4 and 6 years old, at the beginning of the analysis (M = 4.51; SD = .59). In which, 46 % of the subjects are male and the remaining 54 % are female. And attending an urban educational institution in Northern Colombian area, took part of said study. Likewise, two comparative groups, for the baseline study, were discriminated as follows: The first one consisted of 51 preschool children (selected at random for participating in the intervention group) which received the psychomotor stimulation using the PEDICV, and the other control group had 49 preschool children who did not receive the PEDICV. The psychomotor abilities development analysis, before and after the PEDICV was carried-out with the Third Version of the Escala Abreviada del Desarrollo (EAD-3) (Abbreviated Development Scale), which is very frequently used to identify risks at different Colombian minor preschool children’s development areas based upon four different domains such as: Fine motor skill adaptive (FMSA), gross motor skill (GMS), language audition (LA), and the social personal (SP) area. The findings in regards to the execution of the herein program suggest, as a preview manner that such performance showed positive effects within all analyzed variables (FMSA: d = .95, GMS: d = .87, LA: d = 1.35, SP: d = .77), and relevant differences which had benefits on those children who received the psychomotor stimulation (FMSA: p = .001, GMS: p = .001, LA: p = .001, SP: p = .001) with the PEDICV. Significant gender differences were not evident among the researched preschool children after carrying-out the PEDICV as findings of this study supported the significance of cognitive content stimulation on children’s health and development, and it proves to be a very useful tool for intervening and promoting the preschool minor’s neurological development within their socially vulnerable contexts.
Furthermore, all the above considerations indicate that findings from this research are positive as carrying-out the PEDICV could be replicated within other contexts which show or do not have similar characteristics. Therefore, it is considered as very relevant to set future work lines with the purpose of analyzing the psychomotor performance of preschool minors based on social and economic variables and various cultural contexts.
