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In the current study, we evaluated the students’ foreign language lexical and grammatical skills in the course based on the peer teaching methodology and analyzed the effect of their altruistic and egoistic behaviors on learning results. This experiment was conducted in a groups of senior students majoring in linguistics. The total number of participants accounted for 197 students (101 students in reference groups and 96 in exposure groups); the difference between the reference and exposure groups was that the undergraduates in the latter were to prepare a fragment of a lesson, create exercises, and act in the capacity of a teacher during the course. To evaluate students’ foreign language lexical and grammatical skills, the diagnostic test was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Apart from comparing the diagnostic and final tests, we also circulated a questionnaire which checked the students’ egoistic and altruistic tendencies. The data appeared to be quite noisy; therefore, we processed them with a tool which proves effective when it comes to solving such problems, i.e., neural networks. According to the results on learning outcomes, students improved their English proficiency in the exposure groups to a greater extent than in the reference groups. At the same time, the results of the psychological tests revealed that the higher the students’ training level, the less altruistic they are. Also, it was detected that the more altruistic learners’ progress in outcomes was higher than those of the more selfish students, regardless of the way in which the learning process was organized. Moreover, the statistical data proved the efficiency of the peer teaching methodology for students’ majoring in linguistics, despite their psychological characteristics.
