Influencia de la retroalimentación en la detección y memoria de reconocimiento de lascaracterísticas no físicas y físicas de las noticias falsas: un análisis desde la teoría de detección de señales

• Autores: Diana Peralta-Granados, Jose Alejandro Aristizabal Cuellar, Julián Tejada Herrera
• Localización: Revista interamericana de psicología = Interamerican journal of psychology, ISSN 0034-9690, Vol. 56, Nº. 3, 2022
• Idioma: portugués
• DOI: 10.30849/ripijp.v56i3.1607
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Influence of feedback on detection and recognition memory of non-physical andphysical characteristics of fake new: an analysis from signal detection theory
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el efecto de la retroalimentación inmediata en la detección y memoria de reconocimiento de noticias falsas y verdaderas, utilizando la Teoría de Detección de Señales. Para esto se realizaron 2 experimentos; en el experimento 1 no se presentó retroalimentación; en el experimento 2 se incluyó retroalimentación inmediata. Los experimentos se dividieron en 2 fases: discriminación y memoria de reconocimiento de noticias. Se contó con la participación de 93 jóvenes, quienes juzgaron la veracidad o falsedad de las noticias utilizando una tarea de elección forzada, en 24 noticias con dos tipos de atributos, físicos y no físicos. Los resultados indicaron en el experimento 1, que los atributos no físicos alteran la detección y memoria de reconocimiento de las noticias, haciendo irrelevante el atributo físico del color de la tipografía. En el experimento 2, se observó que la retroalimentación inmediata mejora la detección, pero no el reconocimiento que se ve alterado por los atributos no físicos igual que en el experimento 1. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de presentar a los lectores de noticias, diferentes fuentes de verificación inmediata para mejorar su detección, así como la urgencia de generar en el sector de comunicación buenas prácticas de verificación de la información.

  • English

    The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of immediate feedback on the detection and recognition memory of false and true news, using the Signal Detection Theory. For this, two experiments were carried out; in experiment one no feedback was presented; in experiment 2 immediate feedback was included. The experiments were divided into 2 phases: discrimination and news recognition memory. It included the participation of 93 young people, who judged the veracity or falsity of the news using a forced choice task, in 24 news with two types of attributes, physical and non-physical. The results indicated in experiment one, that the non-physical attributes alter the detection and memory recognition of the news, making the physical attribute of the font color irrelevant. In experiment 2, immediate feedback was found to improve detection, but not recognition, which is impaired bynon-physical attributes as in experiment one. These findings show the need to present news readers with different sources of immediate verification to improve their detection, as well as the need to generate good information verification practices in the communication sector.

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