Estrategias ejecutivas de búsqueda, recuperación y cambio en la fluidez verbal

• García Coni, Ana ^[1] ; Vivas, Jorge ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata

     Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata

     Argentina

     
• Localización: Revista Evaluar, ISSN-e 1667-4545, Vol. 14, Nº. 1, 2014
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.35670/1667-4545.v14.n1.11520
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Las tareas de fluidez verbal suelen dividirse en semántica -evocar palabras de una categoría- y fonológica -evocar palabras que empiecen con una determinada letra-, y conllevan un tiempo limitado. En dichas tareas intervienen la búsqueda y la recuperación de palabras -lo cual requiere flexibilidad cognitiva, memoria de trabajo e inhibición (componente ejecutivo)- y la organización, capacidad e integridad del almacén léxico-semántico (componente asociativo). El primer componente se manifiesta en la cantidad de subagrupamientos (clusters) y de saltos entre ellos (switching) que un sujeto pueda hacer, y el segundo, en el tamaño de los clusters. Para estudiarlos se administraron tareas de fluidez verbal semántica (animales) y fonológica (letra p) a 133 niños de 1°, 3° y 5° año de EPB de Mar del Plata. Se halló un aumento del control cognitivo en 3er año, asociado a una mejor fluidez, pero no se encontraron cambios en el componente asociativo.

  • English

    Verbal fluency tasks usually divide into semantic -evoking words of a category-and phonemic -evoking words that begin with a certain letter-, and carry a limited time. Such tasks demand the intervention of word search and retrieval -which require cognitive flexibility, working memory and inhibition (executive aspect)-and the organization, capacity and integrity of lexico-semantic memory (associative aspect). The first aspect is manifested in the amount of clusters and switches that a person can do, and the second, in the clusters size. In order to study those aspects, we administered semantic -category animals-and phonemic -letter p-verbal fluency tasks to 133 children of 1st, 3rdand 5thgrade from Mar del Plata. We found that cognitive control increased in the 3rdgrade, associated with a major fluency, but no changes were found within the associative aspect.

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