La fragmentación de la identidad en la disociación y en las psicosis

• Autores: Manuel González de Chávez
• Localización: Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, ISSN 0211-5735, Vol. 43, Nº. 143, 2023, págs. 19-35
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Identity fragmentation in dissociation and psychoses
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    En la psiquiatría actual tenemos mucho interés en dilucidar las semejanzas y las diferencias existentes entre las experiencias psicóticas y las experiencias disociativas, y en especial las dinámicas patogénicas que dan lugar a unas y a otras, y los abordajes terapéuticos más eficaces en cada caso. Desde el punto de vista de la identidad plural, estas dos experiencias constituyen las dos grandes crisis biográficas funcionales que dan lugar a la fragmentación de la identidad, con la pérdida de su unidad y continuidad, además de su autonomía y autoestima. Ambas se diferencian por los mecanismos de represión y disociación que están en el origen de las mismas. Ahora bien, cualquier en-foque o hipótesis con la que tratemos de entender estos dos tipos de experiencias no debe limitarse a comprenderlas en sus representaciones actuales y en las claves que hoy llamaríamos “científicas”, porque experiencias de este tipo han existido a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad reconceptualizadas de forma distinta, en otras claves culturales, espirituales, religiosas o morales

  • English

    In current psychiatry, there is a great interest in elucidating the existing simila-rities and differences between psychotic experiences and dissociative ones; especially, the pathogenic dynamics that give rise to both of them, as well as the most effective therapeutic approaches in each case. From the point of view of plural identity, these two experiences make up the two great functional biographic crises that give rise to identity fragmentation, with the loss of their unity and continuity, in addition to the loss of their autonomy and self-esteem. Both of them are differentiated by the repression and disso-ciation mechanisms that exist in their origin. That said, any approach or hypothesis that we may use to try to understand these two types of experiences should not be limited to understanding them in their current representations and with the keys that we currently call “scientific”, because experiences of this type have existed throughout the history of humanity, reconceptualized differently in other cultural, spiritual, religious or moral keys

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • 1 Jung CG. The psychology of dementia precox. En: Jung CG. The psychogenesis of mental disease. Collected works. Londres: Routledge &...
  • 2 Bleuler E. Demencia precoz. Buenos Aires: Ed.Horme, 1960.
  • 3 Ellenberger HF. The discovery of unconscious. New York: Basic Books, 1970.
  • 4 Craparo G, Ortu F, van der Hart O. Rediscovering Pierre Janet. Londres: Routledge, 2019.
  • 5 Van der Hart O, Dorahy MJ. History of the concept of dissociation. En: Dell P, O ́Neil JA. Dissociation and dissociative disorders. London:...
  • 6 Kempf E. Psychopathology. St. Louis: Mosby Co., 1920.
  • 7 Sullivan HS. Schizophrenia as a human process. New York: Norton Co., 1956.
  • 8 Hale NG Jr (ed.). Morton Prince. Psychotherapy and multiple personality. Selected essays. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press,...
  • 9 Hale NG Jr. (ed.). James Jackson Putnam and psychoanalysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971.
  • 10 Gale RM. The divided self of William James. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • 11 Hacking I. Rewriting the soul. Multiple personality and the sciences of memory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
  • 12 Krohn A. Hysteria: the elusive neurosis. New York: International University Press, 1978.
  • 13 Greaves G. A history of multiple personality disorder. En: Kluft RP, Fine CG (eds.). Clinical perspectives on multiple personality...
  • 14 Janet P. Les medications psychologiques. París: Alcan, 1919.
  • 15 Rosenbaum M. The role of the term schizophrenia in the decline of the diagnosis of multiple personality. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry.1980; 37:1383-85.
  • 16 Thigpen C, Clekley H. Las tres caras de Eva. Barcelona: Ed. Juventud, 1963.
  • 17 Greaves G. Multiple personality. 165 years after Mary Reynolds. J Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1980;168: 577-96.
  • 18 Dell PF. The long struggle to diagnose multiple personality disorder (MPD). En: Dell P, O ́Neil JA. Dissociation and dissociative disorders....
  • 19 Ross CA. Schizophrenia. Innovations in diagnosis and treatment. New York: The Haworth Press, 2004.
  • 20 Alanen Y, González de Chávez M, Silver AL, Martindale B. Abordajes psicoterapéuticos de las psicosis esquizofrénicas. Madrid: Fundación...
  • 21 Urlic I, González de Chávez M. Terapia de grupo en las psicosis. Madrid: Fundación para la Investigación y Tratamiento de la Esquizofrenia,...
  • 22 Read J, van Os J, Morrison AP, Ross CA. Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical...
  • 23 Steinberg M. Advances in clinical assessment. The differential diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia. En:...
  • 24 Moskowitz A, Corstens D. Auditory hallucinations: psychotic symptom or dissociative experience? J Psychol Trauma. 2008; 6: 35-63.
  • 25 Moskowitz A, Read J, Farelli S, Rudegeair T, Williams O. Are psychotic symptoms traumatic in origin and dissociative in kind? En: Dell...
  • 26 Varese F, Barkus E, Bentall RP. Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucination proneness. Psychol. Med.2012;...
  • 27 Janet P. L ́automatisme psychologique. París: L ́Harmattan, 1889.
  • 28 Vaillant G. Ego mechanisms of defense. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1992.
  • 29 Erdleyi MH. Repression, reconstruction, and defense. History and integration of the psychoanalytic and experimental frameworks. En:...
  • 30 Billig M. Freudian repression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • 31 Carlson E, Yates TM, Sroufe A. Dissociation and development of the self. En: Dell P, O ́Neil J (eds.). Dissociation and dissociative disorders....
  • 32 Silberg J, Dallam S. Dissociation in children and adolescents: at the crossroads. En: Dell P, O ́Neil J (eds.). Dissociation and dissociative...
  • 33 Dalenberg CJ, Paulson K. The case for the study of “normal” dissociation processes. En: Dell P, O ́Neil J (eds.). Dissociation...
  • 34 Braude SE. First person plural. Multiple personality and the philosophy of mind. London: Rowman & Littlefield Pub., 1995.
  • 35 Hilgard ER. Divided consciousness: multiple controls in human thought and action. New York: Wiley, 1977.
  • 36 Bruner J. Acts of meaning. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1990.
  • 37 Schwartz SJ, Luyckx K, Vignoles V (eds.). Handbook of identity theory and research. New York: Springer, 2012.
  • 38 Breakwell G. Coping with threatened identities. London: Methuen, 1986.
  • 39 Sullivan HS. The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: Norton, 1953.
  • 40 James W. The principles of psychology. New York: Pantianos Classics, 1890.
  • 41 Chatelaine KL. Harry Stack Sullivan. An introduction to his thought. Iowa: Kendal Hunt Pub. Co., 1992.
  • 42 Swick Perry H. Psychiatrist of America. The life of Harry Stack Sullivan. Cambridge, Masachussets: The Belknap Press. Harvard University...
  • 43 Conci M. Sullivan revisited. Life and work. Trento: Tangram Edizione Scientifiche, 2010.
  • 44 Howell E. The dissociative mind. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • 45 Van der Hart O, Nijenhuis E, Steele K. The haunted self. New York: Norton, 2006.
  • 46 Clark D (ed). Intrusive thoughts in clinical disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 2005.
  • 47 Wexler M. The evolution of a deficiency view of schizophrenia. En: Gunderson J, Mosher L. Psychotherapy of schizophrenia....
  • 48 Rodríguez Solano JJ, González de Chávez M. Premorbid personality disorders in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2000; 44 (2): 137-44.
  • 49 González de Chávez M. Intuiciones y delirios. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4VjkMvmFoo
  • 50 Lynn Stephens G, Grahan G. When self-consciousness breaks. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2003.
  • 51 González de Chávez M. Diálogo interno y alucinaciones. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vbgxVR4wt8
  • 52 González de Chávez M. Imaginación y regresión en las psicosis. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvdrYkkNb0M
  • 53 Quen JM. Split minds/split brains. Historical an current perspectives. New York: New York University Press, 1986.
  • 54 Crabtree A. From Mesmer to Freud. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993.
  • 55 Hacking I. Mad travelers. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1998.
  • 56 McNamara P. Spirit, possession and exorcism. Oxford: Praeger, 2011.
  • 57 Woodward I. The werewolf delusion. New York: Paddington Press, 1979.
  • 58 Hendrickson K , McCarty T, Goodwin J. Animal alters: case reports. Dissociation. 1990; 3(4): 218-21.
  • 59 Bourguignon E. Possession. Illinois: Waveland Press, 1976.
  • 60 Oesterreich TK. Possession: demoniacal & other. Secaucus, N.J: Lyle Stuart Inc., 1966.
  • 61 Laycock JP (ed.). Spirit possession around the world. Santa Bárbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015.
  • 62 González de Chávez M. Diferentes experiencias alucinatorias y diferentes objetivos y posibilidades terapéuticas. Disponible en: https://youtu.be/Z3MF-wpvkq8