Marcadores genéticos en el trastorno por estrés postraumático: polimorfismos en SLC6A4 y BDNF

• Reynaldo Andrés Reyes-Gualtero ^[1] ; Jhonny Fernando García-Aguirre ^[1] ; Kelly J. Cardona-Londoño ^[1] ; Mary Orrego-Cardozo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Autonoma de Manizales

     Universidad Autonoma de Manizales

     Colombia

     
• Localización: Tesis psicológica: Revista de la Facultad de Psicología, ISSN 1909-8391, Vol. 17, Nº. 2, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Perspectivas en salud mental)
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.37511/tesis.v17n2a3
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Genetic markers in posttraumatic stress disorder: polymorphisms in SLC6A4 and BDNF
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen

  • El trastorno por estrés postraumático (en adelante TEPT) es un desorden neuropsiquiátrico desarrollado en sujetos tras la exposición a un trauma, caracterizado por un amplio espectro de síntomas. Múltiples causas hacen que un individuo sea más sensible al estrés y, en consecuencia, presente mayor vulnerabilidad a desarrollar TEPT. Esta vulnerabilidad parece ser influenciada por factores genéticos. El objetivo de esta reflexión es presentar hallazgos relevantes en estudios de asociación entre TEPT y dos genes candidatos extensamente explorados, SLC6A4 y BDNF, además de entender las bases moleculares de la influencia de los polimorfismos más estudiados (5-HTTLPR y Val66Met) en estos genes sobre la vulnerabilidad del TEPT. En general, se han encontrado asociaciones positivas, específicamente del alelo “S” (gen SLC6A4) y del alelo Met (gen BDNF) y su interacción con factores ambientales como variaciones de riesgo en el TEPT. Sin embargo, algunos resultados no son concluyentes, por tanto, es necesario que nuevos estudios empleen enfoques genéticos más acertados, contemplen múltiples genes o aborden sus estudios con GWAS.

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