Envy, social comparison, and depression on social networking sites: a systematic review

• Fabio Carraturo ^[1] ; Tiziana Di Perna ^[1] ; Viviana Giannicola ^[1] ; Marco Alfonso Nacchia ^[1] ; Marco Pepe ^[1] ; Benedetta Muzii ^[1] ; Mario Bottone ^[1] ; Raffaele Sperandeo ; Vincenzo Bochicchio ^[2] ; Nelson Mauro Maldonato ^[1] ; Cristiano Scandurra ^[1]
  1. [1] University of Naples Federico II

     University of Naples Federico II

     Nápoles, Italia

     
  2. [2] University of Calabria

     University of Calabria

     Cosenza, Italia

     
• Localización: EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, ISSN 2174-8144, ISSN-e 2254-9625, Vol. 13, Nº. 2, 2023, págs. 364-376
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020027
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • This study aims to review the evidence for the reciprocal relationship between envy and social comparison (SC) on social networking sites (SNSs) and depression. We searched PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 2012 to November 2022, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. In all articles reviewed, a simple correlation was found between SC on SNSs, envy, and depression. Three cross-sectional studies successfully tested a model with envy as a mediator between SNSs and depression. The moderating role of additional variables such as self-efficacy, neuroticism, SC orientation, marital quality, and friendship type was also evident. The only two studies that were suitable to determine direction found that depression acted as a predictor rather than an outcome of SC and envy, and therefore depression might be a relevant risk factor for the negative emotional consequences of SNSs use.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ahmed, Y.A.; Ahmad, M.N.; Ahmad, N.; Zakaria, N.H. Social media for knowledge-sharing: A systematic literature review. Telemat. Inform. 2019,...
  • Alfasi, Y. The grass is always greener on my friends’ profiles: The effect of Facebook social comparison on state self-esteem and depression....
  • Appel, H.; Crusius, J.; Gerlach, A.L. Social comparison, envy, and depression on Facebook: A study looking at the effects of high comparison...
  • Appel, H.; Gerlach, A.L.; Crusius, J. The interplay between Facebook use, social comparison, envy, and depression. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2016,...
  • Appel, M.; Marker, C.; Gnambs, T. Are social media ruining our lives? A review of meta-analytic evidence. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 2020, 24, 60–74.
  • Bandura, A. Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Dev. Psychol. 1989, 25, 729.
  • Bányai, F.; Zsila, Á.; Király, O.; Maraz, A.; Elekes, Z.; Griffiths, M.D.; Andreassen, C.S.; Demetrovics, Z. Problematic social media use:...
  • Bayer, J.B.; Triệu, P.; Ellison, N.B. Social media elements, ecologies, and effects. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2020, 71, 471–497.
  • Berger, J.; Barasch, A. A candid advantage? The social benefits of candid photos. Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci. 2018, 9, 1010–1016.
  • Blease, C. Too many ‘friends,’too few ‘likes’? Evolutionary psychology and ‘Facebook depression’. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 2015, 19, 1–13.
  • Boyd, D.M.; Ellison, N.B. Social network SITES: Definition, history, and scholarship. J. Comput.-Mediat. Commun. 2007, 13, 210–230.
  • Burke, M.; Kraut, R.E. The relationship between Facebook use and well-being depends on communication type and tie strength. J. Comput.-Mediat....
  • Buunk, B.P.; Brenninkmeyer, V.B. Social comparison processes among depressed individuals: Evidence for the evolutionary perspective on involuntary...
  • Centre, P.R. Share of Those 65 and Older Who Are Tech Users Has Grown in the Past Decade.
  • Chou, H.-T.G.; Edge, N. “They are happier and having better lives than I am”: The impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others’ lives....
  • Chow, T.S.; Wan, H.Y. Is there any ‘Facebook Depression’? Exploring the moderating roles of neuroticism, Facebook social comparison and envy....
  • Cinelli, M.; De Francisci Morales, G.; Galeazzi, A.; Quattrociocchi, W.; Starnini, M. The echo chamber effect on social media. Proc. Natl....
  • Cohen-Charash, Y. Episodic envy. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 2009, 39, 2128–2173.
  • Cunningham, S.; Hudson, C.C.; Harkness, K. Social media and depression symptoms: A meta-analysis. Res. Child Adolesc. Psychopathol. 2021,...
  • Ellis, D.A. Are smartphones really that bad? Improving the psychological measurement of technology-related behaviors. Comput. Hum. Behav....
  • Ellison, N.B.; Steinfield, C.; Lampe, C. The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’use of online social network...
  • Ernala, S.K.; Burke, M.; Leavitt, A.; Ellison, N.B. How well do people report time spent on Facebook? An evaluation of established survey...
  • Faranda, M.; Roberts, L.D. Social comparisons on Facebook and offline: The relationship to depressive symptoms. Personal. Individ. Differ....
  • Feinstein, B. A.; Hershenberg, R.; Bhatia, V.; Latack, J.A.; Meuwly, N.; Davila, J. Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive...
  • Festinger, L. A theory of social comparison processes. Hum. Relat. 1954, 7, 117–140.
  • Fink-Hafner, D.; Dagen, T.; Doušak, M.; Novak, M.; Hafner-Fink, M. Delphi method: Strengths and weaknesses. Adv. Methodol. Stat. 2019, 16,...
  • Frison, E.; Eggermont, S. Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use, perceived online social support, and adolescents’...
  • Gibbons, F.X.; Buunk, B.P. Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. J. Pers....
  • Gold, B.T. Enviousness and its relationship to maladjustment and psychopathology. Personal. Individ. Differ. 1996, 21, 311–321.
  • Guernsey, L. Garbled in translation: Getting media research to the press and public. J. Child. Media 2014, 8, 87–94.
  • Haferkamp, N.; Krämer, N.C. Social comparison 2.0: Examining the effects of online profiles on social-networking sites. Cyberpsychol. Behav....
  • Hammen, C. Stress generation in depression: Reflections on origins, research, and future directions. J. Clin. Psychol. 2006, 62, 1065–1082.
  • Heine, S.J.; Lehman, D.R.; Markus, H.R.; Kitayama, S. Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychol. Rev. 1999, 106, 766–794.
  • Hill, S.E.; DelPriore, D.J.; Vaughan, P.W. The cognitive consequences of envy: Attention, memory, and self-regulatory depletion. J. Pers....
  • Huang, C. Time spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw. 2017, 20, 346–354....
  • Jang, K.; Park, N.; Song, H. Social comparison on Facebook: Its antecedents and psychological outcomes. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2016, 62, 147–154....
  • Kaplan, A.M.; Haenlein, M. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Bus. Horiz. 2010, 53, 59–68.
  • Kim, J.; Lee, J.-E.R. The Facebook paths to happiness: Effects of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation on subjective well-being....
  • Krasnova, H.; Wenninger, H.; Widjaja, T.; Buxmann, P. Envy on Facebook: A Hidden Threat to Users’ Life Satisfaction? In Proceedings of the...
  • Kross, E.; Verduyn, P.; Demiralp, E.; Park, J.; Lee, D.S.; Lin, N.; Shablack, H.; Jonides, J.; Ybarra, O. Facebook use predicts declines in...
  • Kross, E.; Verduyn, P.; Sheppes, G.; Costello, C.K.; Jonides, J.; Ybarra, O. Social media and well-being: Pitfalls, progress, and next steps....
  • Li, Y. Upward social comparison and depression in social network settings: The roles of envy and self-efficacy. Internet Res. 2018, 29, 46–59....
  • Markus, H.R.; Kitayama, S. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychol. Rev. 1991, 98, 224–253.
  • Maxwell, S.E.; Cole, D.A. Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation. Psychol. Methods 2007, 12, 23–44.
  • Maxwell, S.E.; Cole, D.A.; Mitchell, M.A. Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under...
  • Mehdizadeh, S. Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw. 2010, 13, 357–364.
  • Meier, A.; Johnson, B.K. Social comparison and envy on social media: A critical review. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2022, 45, 101302.
  • Meier, A.; Krause, A.V. Does passive social media use harm well-being? J. Media Psychol. 2022, 0, 2151–2388.
  • Merriam, S.B.; Tisdell, E.J. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2015.
  • Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D.G.; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The...
  • Nabi, R.L.; Prestin, A.; So, J. Facebook friends with (health) benefits? Exploring social network site use and perceptions of social support,...
  • Naslund, J.A.; Bondre, A.; Torous, J.; Aschbrenner, K.A. Social media and mental health: Benefits, risks, and opportunities for research and...
  • O’Laughlin, K.D.; Martin, M.J.; Ferrer, E. Cross-sectional analysis of longitudinal mediation processes. Multivariate Behav. Res. 2018, 53,...
  • Park, J.; Kim, B.; Park, S. Understanding the behavioral consequences of upward social comparison on social networking sites: The mediating...
  • Park, S.Y.; Baek, Y.M. Two faces of social comparison on Facebook: The interplay between social comparison orientation, emotions, and psychological...
  • Parrott, W.G.; Smith, R.H. Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1993, 64, 906–920.
  • Pera, A. Psychopathological processes involved in social comparison, depression, and envy on Facebook. Front. Psychol. 2018, 9, 22.
  • Primack, B.A.; Escobar-Viera, C.G. Social media as it interfaces with psychosocial development and mental illness in transitional age youth....
  • Primack, B.A.; Shensa, A.; Escobar-Viera, C.G.; Barrett, E.L.; Sidani, J.E.; Colditz, J.B.; James, A.E. Use of multiple social media platforms...
  • Robinson, A.; Bonnette, A.; Howard, K.; Ceballos, N.; Dailey, S.; Lu, Y.; Grimes, T. Social comparisons, social media addiction, and social...
  • Salovey, P.; Rodin, J. Coping with envy and jealousy. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 1988, 7, 15–33.
  • Scherr, S.; Brunet, A. Differential influences of depression and personality traits on the use of Facebook. Soc. Media Soc. 2017, 3, 2056305117698495....
  • Scherr, S.; Toma, C.L.; Schuster, B. Depression as a predictor of Facebook surveillance and envy. J. Media Psychol. 2018, 31, 196–202.
  • Schoeck, H. Envy; Liberty Press: Boston, MA, USA, 1969.
  • Schreurs, L.; Meier, A.; Vandenbosch, L. Exposure to the Positivity bias and adolescents’ differential longitudinal links with Inspiration...
  • Smith, R.H. Assimilative and contrastive emotional reactions to upward and downward social comparisons. In Handbook of Social Comparison;...
  • Smith, R.H. Envy and its transmutations. In The Social Life of Emotions; Tiedens, L.Z., Leach, C.W., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge,...
  • Smith, R.H.; Kim, S.H. Comprehending envy. Psychol. Bull. 2007, 133, 46–64.
  • Song, H.; Zmyslinski-Seelig, A.; Kim, J.; Drent, A.; Victor, A.; Omori, K.; Allen, M. Does Facebook make you lonely?: A meta analysis. Comput....
  • Sowislo, J.F.; Orth, U. Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychol. Bull. 2013,...
  • Statista. Daily Time Spent on Social Networking by Internet Users Worldwide from 2012 to 2022.
  • Statista. Number of Social Media Users Worldwide from 2018 to 2027.
  • Steers, M.-L.N.; Wickham, R.E.; Acitelli, L.K. Seeing everyone else’s highlight reels: How Facebook usage is linked to depressive symptoms....
  • Steger, M.F.; Kashdan, T.B. Depression and everyday social activity, belonging, and well-being. J. Couns. Psychol. 2009, 56, 289–300.
  • Tandoc, E.C., Jr.; Ferrucci, P.; Duffy, M. Facebook use, envy, and depression among college students: Is facebooking depressing? Comput. Hum....
  • Tosun, L.P.; Ka¸sdarma, E. Passive Facebook use and depression. J. Media Psychol. 2019, 32, 165–175.
  • Twenge, J.M. Generation Me-Revised and Updated: Why Today’s Young Americans are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable than...
  • Twenge, J.M. Have smartphones destroyed a generation. Atlantic 2017, 9, 2017.
  • Valkenburg, P.M. Social media use and well-being: What we know and what we need to know. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2022, 45, 101294.
  • Van de Ven, N.; Zeelenberg, M.; Pieters, R. Leveling up and down: The experiences of benign and malicious envy. Emotion 2009, 9, 419–429.
  • Verduyn, P.; Gugushvili, N.; Massar, K.; Täht, K.; Kross, E. Social comparison on social networking sites. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2020, 36,...
  • Verduyn, P.; Ybarra, O.; Résibois, M.; Jonides, J.; Kross, E. Do social network sites enhance or undermine subjective well-being? A critical...
  • Vogel, E.A.; Rose, J.P.; Okdie, B.M.; Eckles, K.; Franz, B. Who compares and despairs? The effect of social comparison orientation on social...
  • Wallace, E.; Buil, I. Hiding Instagram Likes: Effects on negative affect and loneliness. Personal. Individ. Differ. 2021, 170, 110509.
  • Wang, J.-L.; Gaskin, J.; Rost, D.H.; Gentile, D.A. The reciprocal relationship between passive social networking site (SNS) usage and users’...
  • Wang, W.; Wang, M.; Hu, Q.; Wang, P.; Lei, L.; Jiang, S. Upward social comparison on mobile social media and depression: The mediating role...
  • Wenninger, H.; Cheung, C.M.; Chmielinski, M. Understanding envy and users’ responses to envy in the context of social networking sites: A...
  • Wetherall, K.; Robb, K.A.; O’Connor, R.C. Social rank theory of depression: A systematic review of self-perceptions of social rank and their...
  • Wu, J.; Srite, M. Envy on social media: The good, the bad and the ugly. Int. J. Inf. Manage. 2021, 56, 102255.
  • Yoon, S.; Kleinman, M.; Mertz, J.; Brannick, M. Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook– depression...
  • Zhao, S.; Grasmuck, S.; Martin, J. Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2008,...