Desarrollo neurobiológico de la empatía y la conducta prosocial desde la niñez hasta la adolescencia

• Tejada Rivera, María del Carmen ^[1] ; Espinoza Barría, Mauricio ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad del Desarrollo

     Universidad del Desarrollo

     Santiago, Chile

     
• Localización: Revista de Psicología, ISSN-e 2311-7397, ISSN 2306-0565, Vol. 12, Nº. 1, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Revista de psicología), págs. 135-155
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.36901/psicologia.v12i1.1476
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Las funciones que constituyen la cognición social son consideradas como elementos fundamentales en el despliegue de interacciones sociales complejas durante el ciclo vital, siendo éstas cimentadas a una red de determinadas regiones cerebrales disociables e interdependientes las que suelen formar parte del denominado cerebro social. Con el objetivo de alcanzar una mayor comprensión de la cognición social, en el presente trabajo se recopilan algunos recientes hallazgos sobre la empatía y la conducta prosocial, además de su trayectoria desde la infancia a la adolescencia desde un punto de vista neurobiológico. Junto con mencionar las estructuras cerebrales asociadas y los neuropéptidos que modulan las conductas socioafectivas, se enfatizará el desarrollo de los procesos empíricos y prosociales que parecen evidenciar una base neurocognitiva cuya trayectoria adopta una tendencia cuadrática. Se discute la necesidad de contar con una mayor claridad conceptual a estos procesos y sus componentes a fin de promover interpretaciones adecuadas en futuras investigaciones. Palabras clave: Empatía, conducta prosocial, cognición social, desarrollo cerebral.

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