Psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic: the protective role of hope

• Luca Flesia ; Muhammad Adeeb ^[2] ; Aqsa Waseem ^[2] ; Mai Helmy ^[1] ; Merylin Monaro ^[3]
  1. [1] Menoufia University

     Menoufia University

     Egipto

     
  2. [2] University of Utara
  3. [3] University of Padova

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, ISSN 2174-8144, ISSN-e 2254-9625, Vol. 13, Nº. 1, 2023, págs. 67-80
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13010005
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • The COVID-19 outbreak and the worldwide lockdown measures had an impact on the global mental health and psychological well-being of the general population. Several studies attempted to investigate the protective and risk factors for psychological distress related to the pandemic. However, to date, little is known about the role of hope in this context. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hope and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 outbreak in the general population. The sample consisted of 504 Pakistani people who completed cross-sectionally the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was run to measure the relationship between hope and psychological distress; hierarchical regression analysis was run to investigate the association between demographics and hope with psychological distress. Higher levels of hope predicted lower levels of psychological distress. Being female, being older, lower level of education, urban residence, being married and living in nuclear family systems were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. The study highlights the protective role of hope on psychological distress related to COVID-19, contributing to knowledge on factors promoting positive mental health during emergency times and providing useful information for implementing effective public health policies and programmes.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abid, A.; Jan, A.; Khan, I.U.; Zeb, A.; Ahmad, M. Role of parental socioeconomic status on their children’s education at District Mardan of...
  • Alam, A. Factors and consequences of nuclearization of family at Hayatabad Phase-II, Peshawar. Sarhad J. Agric. 2008, 24, 55–59.
  • Amirav, D.R.; Besor, O.; Amirav, I. Hope during COVID-19 lockdown. Cureus 2021, 13, e15097.
  • Asmundson, G.J.G.; Taylor, S. How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decisionmakers, health authorities,...
  • Aspinwall, L.G.; Tedeschi, R.G. The value of positive psychology for health psychology: Progress and pitfalls in examining the relation of...
  • Baczewska, B.; Block, B.; Kropornicka, B.; Niedzielski, A.; Malm, M.; Zwolak, A.; Makara-Studzi ´nska, M. Hope in hospitalized patients with...
  • Baron, R.M.; Kenny, D.A. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical...
  • Birditt, K.S.; Turkelson, A.; Fingerman, K.L.; Polenick, C.A.; Oya, A. Age differences in stress, life changes, and social ties during the...
  • Brooks, S.K.; Webster, R.K.; Smith, L.E.; Woodland, L.; Wessely, S.; Greenberg, N.; Rubin, G.J. The psychological impact of quarantine and...
  • Byles, J.E.; Gallienne, L.; Blyth, F.M.; Banks, E. Relationship of age and gender to the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress...
  • Chavez, S.; Long, B.; Koyfman, A.; Liang, S.Y. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2021,...
  • Collantoni, E.; Saieva, A.M.; Meregalli, V.; Girotto, C.; Carretta, G.; Boemo, D.G.; Bordignon, G.; Capizzi, A.; Contessa, C.; Nesoti, M.V.;...
  • Costantini, A.; Mazzotti, E. Italian validation of CoViD-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index and preliminary data in a sample of general population....
  • Counted, V.; Pargament, K.I.; Bechara, A.O.; Joynt, S.; Cowden, R.G. Hope and well-being in vulnerable contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic:...
  • Delamater, P.L.; Street, E.J.; Leslie, T.F.; Yang, Y.T.; Jacobsen, K.H. Complexity of the basic reproduction number (R0). Emerg. Infect. Dis....
  • Di Crosta, A.; Palumbo, R.; Marchetti, D.; Ceccato, I.; La Malva, P.; Maiella, R.; Cipi, M.; Roma, P.; Mammarella, N.; Verrocchio, M.C.; et...
  • Drapeau, A.; Beaulieu-Prévost, D.; Marchand, A.; Boyer, R.; Préville, M.; Kairouz, S. A life-course and time perspective on the construct...
  • Faul, F.; Erdfelder, E.; Lang, A.G.; Buchner, A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and...
  • Field, A.; Miles, J.; Field, Z. Discovering Statistics Using R; Sage Publications: New York, NY, USA, 2012.
  • Flesia, L.; Monaro, M.; Mazza, C.; Fietta, V.; Colicino, E.; Segatto, B.; Roma, P. Predicting perceived stress related to the Covid-19 outbreak...
  • Gallagher, M.W.; Long, L.J.; Phillips, C.A. Hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analytic review of the...
  • Genç, E.; Arslan, G. Optimism and dispositional hope to promote college students’ subjective well-being in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic....
  • Gilman, R.; Schumm, J.A.; Chard, K.M. Hope as a change mechanism in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol. Trauma Theory...
  • Grewal, P.K.; Porter, J.E. Hope theory: A framework for understanding suicidal action. Death Stud. 2007, 31, 131–154.
  • Griggs, S. Hope and mental health in young adult college students: An integrative review. J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv. 2017, 55,...
  • Hampshire, A.; Hellyer, P.J.; Soreq, E.; Mehta, M.A.; Ioannidis, K.; Trender, W.; Grant, J.E.; Chamberlain, S.R. Associations between dimensions...
  • Henning-Smith, C.; Meltzer, G.; Kobayashi, L.C.; Finlay, J.M. Rural/urban differences in mental health and social well-being among older US...
  • Horwitz, A. V Distinguishing distress from disorder as psychological outcomes of stressful social arrangements. Health 2007, 11, 273–289.
  • Hossain, M.M.; Tasnim, S.; Sultana, A.; Faizah, F.; Mazumder, H.; Zou, L.; McKyer, E.L.J.; Ahmed, H.U.; Ma, P. Epidemiology of mental health...
  • Huremovi´c, D. Psychiatry of Pandemics: A Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019.
  • Jahanara, M. Optimism, hope and mental health: Optimism, hope, psychological well-being and psychological distress among students, University...
  • Kar, S.K.; Yasir Arafat, S.M.; Kabir, R.; Sharma, P.; Saxena, S.K. Coping with mental health challenges during COVID-19. In Coronavirus Disease...
  • Kardas, F.; Zekeriya, C.A.M.; Eskisu, M.; Gelibolu, S. Gratitude, hope, optimism and life satisfaction as predictors of psychological well-being....
  • Kimhi, S.; Marciano, H.; Eshel, Y.; Adini, B. Resilience and demographic characteristics predicting distress during the COVID-19 crisis. Soc....
  • Kluge, H.H.P. Statement—Older People Are at Highest Risk from COVID-19, But All Must Act to PREVENT community Spread; WHO World Health Organization...
  • Koch, M.; Park, S. Do government responses impact the relationship between age, gender and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic?...
  • Kowal, M.; Coll-Martin, T.; Ikizer, G.; Rasmussen, J.; Eichel, K.; Studzi ´nska, A.; Koszałkowska, K.; Karwowski, M.; Najmussaqib, A.; Pankowski,...
  • Larson, L.R.; Mullenbach, L.E.; Browning, M.H.E.M.; Rigolon, A.; Thomsen, J.; Metcalf, E.C.; Reigner, N.P.; Sharaievska, I.; McAnirlin, O.;...
  • Laslo-Roth, R.; George-Levi, S.; Margalit, M. Hope during the COVID-19 outbreak: Coping with the psychological impact of quarantine. Couns....
  • Li, Z.; Ge, J.; Yang, M.; Feng, J.; Qiao, M.; Jiang, R.; Bi, J.; Zhan, G.; Xu, X.; Wang, L.; et al. Vicarious traumatization in the general public,...
  • Liu, N.; Zhang, F.; Wei, C.; Jia, Y.; Shang, Z.; Sun, L.; Wu, L.; Sun, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, Y.; et al. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during...
  • Liu, S.; Haucke, M.N.; Heinzel, S.; Heinz, A. Long-term impact of economic downturn and loneliness on psychological distress: Triple crises...
  • López-Núñez, M.; Diaz-Morales, J.F.; Aparicio-Garcia, M.E. Individual differences, personality, social, family and work variables on mental...
  • Mak, I.W.C.; Chu, C.M.; Pan, P.C.; Yiu, M.G.C.; Chan, V.L. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 2009,...
  • Malesza, M.; Kaczmarek, M.C. Predictors of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Pers. Individ. Dif. 2021, 170, 110419.
  • Mamun, M.A.; Ullah, I. COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? –The forthcoming economic challenges for a...
  • Marzo, R.R.; Ismail, Z.; Htay, M.N.N.; Bahari, R.; Ismail, R.; Villanueva III, E.Q.; Singh, A.; Lotfizadeh, M.; Respati, T.; Irasanti, S.N.;...
  • Matud, M.P.; Bethencourt, J.M.; Ibáñez, I. Gender differences in psychological distress in Spain. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 2015, 61, 560–568....
  • Matud, M.P.; Bethencourt, J.M.; Ibáñez, I.; Fortes, D.; Díaz, A. Gender differences in psychological well-being in emerging adulthood. Appl....
  • Mazza, C.; Ricci, E.; Marchetti, D.; Fontanesi, L.; Di Giandomenico, S.; Verrocchio, M.C.; Roma, P. How personality relates to distress in...
  • Mirhosseini, S.; Dadgari, A.; Basirinezhad, M.H.; Mohammadpourhodki, R.; Ebrahimi, H. The role of hope to alleviate anxiety in COVID-19 outbreak...
  • Mirowsky, J.; Ross, C.E. Education, personal control, lifestyle and health: A human capital hypothesis. Res. Aging 1998, 20, 415–449.
  • Moss-Pech, S.A.; Southward, M.W.; Cheavens, J.S. Hope attenuates the negative impact of general psychological distress on goal progress. J....
  • Nadeem, S.; De Luque, M.F.S. Developing an understanding of the human resource (HR) complexities in Pakistan with a GLOBE cultural lens. J....
  • Nair, T.; Appu, A.V. Social Connectedness and Psychological Distress of Elders During COVID-19. Indian J. Gerontol. 2021, 35, 200–212.
  • Nearchou, F.; Douglas, E. Traumatic distress of COVID-19 and depression in the general population: Exploring the role of resilience, anxiety,...
  • Osimo, S.A.; Aiello, M.; Gentili, C.; Ionta, S.; Cecchetto, C. The influence of personality, resilience, and alexithymia on mental health...
  • Park, E.-Y.; Kim, J.-H. The factor structure of the Dispositional Hope Scale in hemiplegic stroke patients. J. Ment. Health 2017, 26, 556–561....
  • Pierce, M.; Hope, H.; Ford, T.; Hatch, S.; Hotopf, M.; John, A.; Kontopantelis, E.; Webb, R.; Wessely, S.; McManus, S.; et al. Mental health...
  • Pothisiri, W.; Vicerra, P.M.M. Psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic in low-income and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional...
  • Qiu, J.; Shen, B.; Zhao, M.; Wang, Z.; Xie, B.; Xu, Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19...
  • Rens, E.; Smith, P.; Nicaise, P.; Lorant, V.; Den Broeck, K. Mental distress and its contributing factors among young people during the first...
  • Riaz, H.; Riaz, M.N.; Batool, N. Positive psychological capital as predictor of internalizing psychological problems among flood victims....
  • Ridner, S.H. Psychological distress: Concept analysis. J. Adv. Nurs. 2004, 45, 536–545.
  • Ross, C.E.; Zhang, W. Education and psychological distress among older Chinese. J. Aging Health 2008, 20, 273–289.
  • Sanderson, W.C.; Arunagiri, V.; Funk, A.P.; Ginsburg, K.L.; Krychiw, J.K.; Limowski, A.R.; Olesnycky, O.S.; Stout, Z. The nature and treatment...
  • Sareen, J.; Erickson, J.; Medved, M.I.; Asmundson, G.J.G.; Enns, M.W.; Stein, M.; Leslie, W.; Doupe, M.; Logsetty, S. Risk factors for post-injury...
  • Satici, S.A. Hope and loneliness mediate the association between stress and subjective vitality. J. Coll. Stud. Dev. 2020, 61, 225–239.
  • Shafqat, F.; Haider, S.I.; Rao, A.R.; Waqar, S. Depression, anxiety and stress in rural and urban population of Islamabad. Rehabil. J. 2018,...
  • Shakil, M.; Ashraf, F.; Tariq, S.; Asmat, A.; Muazzam, A.; Hassan, N. The prevalence and comorbidity of death anxiety and psychological distress...
  • Siddique, M.P.; Hanif, R. Better Late than Never: An Interplay of Hope and Child Schema Modes among Young Adults. Int. J. Innov. Creat. Chang....
  • Sim, K.; Chan, Y.H.; Chong, P.N.; Chua, H.C.; Soon, S.W. Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards...
  • Simpson, N.J.; Oliffe, J.L.; Rice, S.M.; Kealy, D.; Seidler, Z.E.; Ogrodniczuk, J.S. Social Disconnection and Psychological Distress in Canadian...
  • Singh, A.K.; Singh, S.; Singh, A.P.; Srivastava, A. Hope and well-being among students of professional courses. Indian J. Community Psychol....
  • Snyder, C.R. Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychol. Inq. 2002, 13, 249–275.
  • Snyder, C.R.; Harris, C.; Anderson, J.R.; Holleran, S.A.; Irving, L.M.; Sigmon, S.T.; Yoshinobu, L.; Gibb, J.; Langelle, C.; Harney, P. The...
  • Solomou, I.; Constantinidou, F. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with...
  • Suen, K.S.; Lai, Y.; Ho, S.M.Y.; Cheung, L.K.; Choi, W.S. A longitudinal evaluation of psychosocial changes throughout orthognathic surgery....
  • Talala, K.; Huurre, T.; Aro, H.; Martelin, T.; Prättälä, R. Socio-demographic differences in self-reported psychological distress among 25-to...
  • Wasim, A.; Adeeb, M.; Mateen, M. Mediating Role of Academic Procrastination between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance of Pakistani...
  • Weinberg, M.; Besser, A.; Zeigler-Hill, V.; Neria, Y. Bidirectional associations between hope, optimism and social support, and trauma-related...
  • World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020; World Health Organization:...
  • Xiang, Y.-T.; Yang, Y.; Li, W.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Q.; Cheung, T.; Ng, C.H. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak...
  • Xu, J.; Zheng, Y.; Wang, M.; Zhao, J.; Zhan, Q.; Fu, M.; Wang, Q.; Xiao, J.; Cheng, Y. Predictors of symptoms of posttraumatic stress in Chinese...
  • Yasmin, F.; Jatoi, H.N.; Abbasi, M.S.; Asghar, M.S.; Siddiqui, S.A.; Nauman, H.; Khattak, A.K.; Alam, M.T. Psychological distress, anxiety,...
  • Yildirim, M.; Arslan, G. Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, preventive behaviours, subjective well-being,...
  • Young, K.S. The evolution of Internet addiction. Addict. Behav. 2017, 64, 229–230.
  • Zaman, R.M.; Stewart, S.M.; Zaman, T.R. Pakistan: Culture, community, and familial obligations in a Muslim society. In Families across Cultures:...
  • Zhou, M.; Guo, W. Subjective distress about COVID-19 and its social correlates: Empirical evidence from Hubei province of China. J. Affect....
  • Zuo, B.; Yang, K.; Yao, Y.; Han, S.; Nie, S.; Wen, F. The relationship of perceived social support to feelings of hopelessness under COVID-19...