Evaluando las creencias irracionales de forma fiable y rápida: refinando y acortando la versión en español de la “Escala de actitudes y creencias”

• Autores: Patricia Gual Montolio, Verónica Martínez Borba, Macarena Paredes Mealla, Jorge Javier Osma López, Carlos Suso
• Localización: Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud, ISSN 1132-9483, Vol. 30, Nº. 3, 2022, págs. 787-808
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.51668/bp.8322312s
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La “Escala de actitudes y creencias” (EAC) es una medida de creencias irracionales (CI) muy utilizada, pero con problemas psicométricos. Nuestro objetivo fue mejorar la calidad psicométrica de la versión española de la EAC. Se combinó la teoría clásica de los tests, teoría de respuesta al ítem y análisis factorial confirmatorio para obtener una versión corta de la escala utilizando dos muestras, una general (n= 565) y otra con dolor crónico (n= 514). Se realizaron correlaciones de Pearson con CI, personalidad y medidas de salud para investigar las fuentes de validez de constructo. Tras eliminar la mitad de los ítems (12), el ajuste factorial de la escala fue bueno (RMSEA< 0,08; CFI y TLI> 0,95). Las CI se asociaron con más neuroticismo (0,21≤ r≤0,61; p≤ 0,001), peor salud mental (- 0,17≤ r≤ -0,56; p≤ 0,001), menor extraversión y responsabilidad (-0,14≤ r≤ -0,41;

    p≤ 0,01). Estos resultados se replicaron en ambas muestras, pero las CI sólo se asociaron con una peor salud física en la muestra general. La versión española abreviada de la EAC es válida, fiable y puede administrarse rápidamente en entornos clínicos.

  • English

    The Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (ABS) is a widely used measure of irrational beliefs (IBs) but has important psychometric problems. Our objective is to improve the psychometric quality of a Spanish version of the scale. Classical test theory, item response theory, and confirmatory factor analyses were combined to obtain a shorter version of the scale using 2 samples: one from the general population (n= 565) and another with chronic pain (n= 514). Pearson correlations were performed with IBs, personality and health measures to investigate sources of construct validity. After eliminating half of the items (12), the factorial fit of the scale became very good (RMSEA< .08; CFI and TLI> .95). IBs were associated with more neuroticism (.21≤ r≤ .61, p≤ .001) and poorer mental health (-.17≤ r≤ -.56, p≤ .001), as well as a less extraversion and conscientiousness (-.14≤ r≤ -.41, p≤ .01). These results were replicated in both samples, but IBs were only associated with poorer physical health in the general population sample. The shortened Spanish version of the ABS is a valid and reliable instrument that can be rapidly administered in clinical settings.

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