Efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas en Trastorno del Espectro Autista: una revisión sistemática de meta-análisis y revisiones sistemáticas

• Juan Miguel Flujas-Contreras ^[1] ; Mapy Chávez-Askins ^[2] ; Inmaculada Gómez ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Almería

     Universidad de Almería

     Almería, España

     
  2. [2] Alcanzando Inc., Florida, Estados Unidos
• Localización: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, ISSN-e 2340-8340, Vol. 10, Nº. 1 (Enero 2023), 2023 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Estado de los tratamientos psicológicos infanto-juveniles)
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.21134/rpcna.2023.10.9
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1    2 (pdf) 
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas en niños con diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Se ha seguido un diseño de revisión de revisiones en el que se han incluido publicaciones de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis que revisaban intervenciones psicológicas en niños con TEA con el objetivo de mejorar la sintomatología, el funcionamiento o el bienestar y calidad de vida de estas personas. La búsqueda se ha realizado en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library y Prospero, con limitación temporal de publicaciones en los últimos 5 años. El riesgo de sesgos de los estudios seleccionados fue evaluado mediante el instrumento A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2). Se han analizado 8 estudios de revisión sistemática y meta-análisis. El análisis según el modelo terapéutico reporta que la terapia cognitivo conductual es útil para el manejo de síntomas de ansiedad en TEA de alto funcionamiento. La terapia de conducta es efectiva para la mejora de la comunicación, las interacciones sociales, habilidades de autonomía y la inteligencia.

    En los estudios analizados se presenta una amplia heterogeneidad de variables y medidas de evaluación, así como de programas y estrategias de intervención con programas de tratamiento combinados, que no permite llegar a conclusiones definitivas sobre la efectividad de programas concretos. Se concluyen ciertos puntos clave como directrices de intervención en autismo.

  • English

    Effectiveness of psychological interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a systematic review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions in children with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The design of the study was a review of reviews that included systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined psychological interventions in children with ASD with the aim of improving the symptoms, functioning, well-being and quality of life of these children. The search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Prospero, with a time limitation of publications in the last 5 years.

    The risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) instrument. Eight systematic review and meta-analysis studies have been analyzed. The analysis according to the therapy model reports that cognitive behavioral therapy is useful for the management of anxiety symptoms in high-functioning ASD. Behavioral therapy is effective for the improvement of communication, social interactions, autonomy skills and intelligence. The studies reviewed present a wide heterogeneity of variables and assessment measures, as well as of programs and intervention strategies with combined treatment programs, which does not allow definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of specific programs. Certain key points are concluded as guidelines for intervention in autism

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